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Building Blocks for a Better Functioning Housing Market in Chile

Author

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  • Aida Caldera Sánchez

    (OECD)

Abstract

Chile has made good progress in improving housing conditions, but still around 10% of the population lives in either overcrowded houses, or of inadequate quality and/or with poor access to basic services. Improving further housing conditions of the poor is important for curbing poverty and reducing inequality. First, better targeting of housing subsidies will be essential to free resources for those truly in need. The government should also rethink subsidies, which are currently directed exclusively at ownership. Means-tested rental cash allowances coupled with more balanced tenant-landlord regulations would strengthen the rental market, thus enhancing residential mobility and potentially reducing segregation. Second, better enforcement of social housing quotas for new building projects coupled with investments in urban renewal and social services in poorer neighbourhoods and developing unused land in urban areas could also help to reduce inequalities. Third, effective thermal and energy standards for buildings would improve the quality of the housing stock, protect public health and reduce air pollution. Limiting construction in fault lines and risky coastal areas could also increase Chile’s resilience to natural disasters. Fourth, taxing housing so owing is not favoured over renting would reduce distortions and make the tax system less regressive. Finally, enhancing the responsiveness of housing supply to demand would ensure there is a good match between housing construction and demand, and avoid that public support gets capitalised into housing prices. Principes fondamentaux pour améliorer le marché du logement au Chili Si les conditions de logement se sont bien améliorées au Chili, quelque 10 % de la population vit encore dans des habitations surpeuplées, de mauvaise qualité et avec un accès limité aux services de base. Il importe de poursuivre l’amélioration des conditions de logement des plus démunis pour endiguer la pauvreté et réduire les inégalités. Premièrement, il sera indispensable de mieux cibler les aides au logement afin de dégager des ressources pour ceux qui sont réellement dans le besoin. L’État devrait également repenser les subventions, qui ne s’adressent actuellement qu’aux propriétaires. En associant le versement aux locataires d’allocations sous condition de ressources et une réglementation plus équilibrée entre preneurs et bailleurs, on dynamiserait le marché locatif, renforçant par là-même la mobilité résidentielle et limitant probablement la ségrégation. Deuxièmement, une meilleure application des quotas de logements sociaux aux projets de construction et la mise en valeur des friches urbaines pourraient aussi contribuer à réduire les inégalités. Troisièmement, des normes thermiques et énergétiques efficaces pour les bâtiments amélioreraient la qualité du parc de logements, préserveraient la santé publique et diminueraient la pollution atmosphérique. En limitant les constructions sur les lignes de fracture et les zones côtières dangereuses, on pourrait également accroître la capacité du Chili à rebondir en cas de catastrophe naturelle. Quatrièmement, une fiscalité du logement qui ne favoriserait pas les propriétaires au détriment des locataires réduirait les distorsions et rendrait le système d’imposition moins régressif. Enfin, une meilleure capacité d’adaptation de l’offre à la demande de logements garantirait la bonne adéquation entre la construction et les besoins résidentiels et éviterait la capitalisation des aides publiques dans le prix des logements.

Suggested Citation

  • Aida Caldera Sánchez, 2012. "Building Blocks for a Better Functioning Housing Market in Chile," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 943, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:943-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9fj3hgsnvh-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Marmolejo & Francisco Sánchez & Carlos Aguirre, 2016. "¿Están los usuarios dispuestos a pagar más por eficiencia energética en viviendas nuevas? Dos estudios de valoración contingente en Santiago de Chile y Barcelona," LARES lares-16-encinas_estanlos, Latin American Real Estate Society (LARES).
    2. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte & Elizabeth Wagemann & Carlos Aguirre, 2019. "Energy-Efficient Real Estate or How It Is Perceived by Potential Homebuyers in Four Latin American Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte & Carlos Aguirre-Nuñez & Francisco Vergara-Perucich, 2020. "When Residential Energy Labeling Becomes Irrelevant: Sustainability vs. Profitability in the Liberalized Chilean Property Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Aguirre & Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte, 2018. "Sustainability Attributes in Real Estate Development: Private Perspectives on Advancing Energy Regulation in a Liberalized Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-26, January.
    5. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Marmolejo & Carlos Aguirre & Nicolás Izquierdo & Javiera Díaz, 2017. "Mercado inmobiliario y construcción sustentable: regulaciones, incentivos y percepción de los consumidores en Brasil y Chile," LARES lares_2017_paper_82, Latin American Real Estate Society (LARES).
    6. Jorge Inzulza-Contardo & Paulina Gatica-Araya, 2019. "Subsidiary displacement and empty plots: Dilemmas of original residents and newcomers in the reconstruction of Talca, Chile 2010–2016," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(10), pages 2040-2057, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    aide au logement; allocation logement; housing market; housing policies; housing prices; housing subsidies; marché du logement; marchés hypothécaires; marchés immobiliers; mortgage markets; politiques du logement; prix des logements; property taxation; rental allowances; rental market;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • L74 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Construction
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R38 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Government Policy
    • R52 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Land Use and Other Regulations

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