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Coping with the Job Crisis and Preparing for Ageing: The Case of Finland

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  • Henrik Braconier

    (OECD)

Abstract

Maintaining high participation and employment in the face of the recent recession and a rapidly ageing population are major challenges for policy makers in Finland. The recession of the early 1990s showed that high unemployment can leave long–lasting scars on labour markets, while rapid ageing requires longer working lives to ensure sustainable public finances. Minimising the effect of the recession on the labour market calls for nominal wage increases in line with economic conditions, greater flexibility in wage setting, ensuring earlier activation of unemployed and reforming unemployment and social benefits to better support work incentives. Finland has an unusual combination of elevated unemployment replacement rates and late referral to labour market activation, which contributes to high levels of inactivity and a large number of beneficiaries. This combination risks building up greater structural unemployment over time. More ambitious activation needs to be accompanied by lower replacement rates in the unemployment insurance and related schemes to support labour market participation, job search and employment. Institutional responsibilities in labour market policies should be simplified and made more transparent. With an already low effective retirement age, additional early permanent exit from the labour market needs to be discouraged. The recent success of restricting access to the unemployment pipeline should be followed up by a complete abolition of the system. Stricter criteria for entry into disability pensions should also be applied. The 2005 pension reform was a step in the right direction, but the old–age retirement system should be further adjusted to lower fiscal costs, raise the minimum retirement age and increase work incentives for older individuals. This Working Paper relates to the 2010 Economic Survey of Finland. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Finland) Faire face à la crise de l'emploi et anticiper le vieillissement: le cas de la Finlande Maintenir un haut niveau d’activité et d’emploi face à la récente récession et au vieillissement rapide de la population est un défi majeur pour les responsables publics de la Finlande. La récession du début des années 90 a montré qu’un haut niveau de chômage peut laisser des cicatrices durables sur le marché du travail, tandis que le vieillissement rapide nécessite un allongement de la durée de la vie active pour assurer la viabilité des finances publiques. Minimiser les effets de la récession sur le marché du travail suppose des augmentations des salaires nominaux en lien avec la situation économique, plus de flexibilité dans la fixation des salaires, une activation plus précoce des chômeurs et une réforme des allocations chômage et prestations sociales pour renforcer davantage les incitations en faveur de l’activité. La Finlande présente une conjonction inhabituelle de taux de remplacement élevés et d’orientations tardives vers les dispositifs d’activation sur le marché du travail, ce qui contribue à des niveaux d’inactivité élevés et à des effectifs de bénéficiaires nombreux. Cette conjonction d’éléments risque d’entraîner un gonflement du chômage structurel au fil du temps. Une politique d’activation plus ambitieuse doit aller de pair avec des taux de remplacement plus faibles, assurés par les systèmes d’indemnisation du chômage et les dispositifs connexes de façon à encourager la participation à l’activité, la recherche d’emploi et l’emploi. Les responsabilités institutionnelles concernant les politiques du marché du travail devraient être rendues plus simples et plus transparentes. L’âge effectif de départ à la retraite étant déjà faible, les dispositifs annexes permettant des retraits permanents précoces du marché du travail sont à proscrire. Les efforts déployés récemment pour restreindre l’accès à la filière du chômage devraient déboucher maintenant sur l’abolition complète du système. De même, les critères d’accès à une pension d’invalidité devraient être durcis. La réforme des pensions de 2005 était un pas dans la bonne direction, mais d’autres ajustements devraient encore être introduits dans le système de pensions de vieillesse afin d’abaisser le coût budgétaire, élever l’âge minimum de la retraite et renforcer les incitations en faveur de l’activité en direction des personnes d’un certain âge. Ce document de travail porte sur l'Étude économique de la Finlande (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/finlande)

Suggested Citation

  • Henrik Braconier, 2010. "Coping with the Job Crisis and Preparing for Ageing: The Case of Finland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 777, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:777-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmddq4vnwvc-en
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    Keywords

    allocations chômages; ALMP; chômage; disability; filière du chômage; Finland; Finlande; formation des salaires; invalidité; PAMT; pensions; pensions; retirement; retraites; unemployment; unemployment benefits; unemployment pipeline; wage formation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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