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Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Hannes Suppanz
  • Michael Wise
  • Michael Kiley

Abstract

Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD countries for some time. This has contributed to sizeable productivity gains and good economic performance over the past decade or so. Nonetheless, despite the generally pro-competitive thrust of policies, a number of challenges remain. Although there are few sectors of the economy from which competition policy and law are completely excluded, given the high risk of sanctions and damages for violation, many anomalous exemptions and special regimes have found their way into US legislation. Contrary to other OECD countries, government related firms are exempted from competition enforcement. Intellectual property rights create special challenges for competition policy and some problems have followed their strengthening over the past two decades, such as the soaring cost of patent litigation. The generally favourable experience with deregulation created pressures for liberalisation in network industries, where the United States has rather been a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some setbacks, reflecting both the difficulties in ensuring competition in such industries and policy mistakes. Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique aux États-Unis La réforme des réglementations régissant un large éventail de secteurs d’activité a permis de laisser plus largement intervenir les forces de la concurrence dans l’affectation des ressources et l’amélioration de l’efficience économique. Si l’on en croit un certain nombre d’indicateurs, ces forces ont été pendant un certain temps plus importantes aux États-Unis que dans la plupart des autres pays de l’OCDE. Elles ont ainsi rendu possible une nette amélioration de la productivité et de bons résultats économiques depuis environ une décennie. Néanmoins, bien que l’action des pouvoirs publics favorise généralement le jeu de la concurrence, un certain nombre de problèmes subsistent. Rares sont les secteurs de l’économie d’où la politique et le droit de la concurrence soient totalement exclus, étant donné le risque élevé de sanctions et de dommages-intérêts en cas de violation, mais la législation des États-Unis prévoit bon nombre d’exemptions anormales et de régimes spéciaux. A la différence des autres pays de l’OCDE, les entreprises liées au secteur public ne sont pas tenues de respecter les règles de la concurrence. Les droits de propriété intellectuelle posent des défis particuliers à la politique de la concurrence, et certains problèmes sont apparus à la suite de leur renforcement ces vingt dernières années, notamment une forte hausse du coût des litiges en matière de brevets. Les résultats généralement satisfaisants de la déréglementation ont fait naître des pressions en vue d’obtenir la libéralisation des industries de réseau, secteur dans lequel les États-Unis sont plutôt à la traîne, du moins en ce qui concerne l’électricité. Les réformes opérées dans les années 90 ont produit certains résultats positifs mais ont connu aussi quelques échecs, la faute en incombant tout à la fois à la difficulté d’assurer la concurrence dans ce type de secteur et à des erreurs des autorités.

Suggested Citation

  • Hannes Suppanz & Michael Wise & Michael Kiley, 2004. "Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in the United States," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 398, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:398-en
    DOI: 10.1787/334545122257
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kyoji Fukao & Cristiano Perugini, 2021. "The Long‐Run Dynamics of the Labor Share in Japan," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 67(2), pages 445-480, June.
    2. Grossmann, Volker & Steger, Thomas M., 2008. "Anti-competitive conduct, in-house R&D, and growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(6), pages 987-1008, August.
    3. International Monetary Fund, 2005. "Finland: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2005/036, International Monetary Fund.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    competition law; concurrence sur les marchés de produits; droit de la concurrence; droit de propriété intellectuelle; industrie de réseau; intellectual property rights; marchés publics; network industries; product market competition; productivity and growth; productivité et croissance; public procurement; regulatory reforms; réforme de la responsabilité civile; réforme de la réglementation; tort reform; United States; États-Unis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H57 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Procurement
    • K13 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics
    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
    • L4 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies
    • L5 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • L96 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Telecommunications
    • L98 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Government Policy
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada

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