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Recent trends in productivity in China: shift-share analysis of labour productivity growth and the evolution of the productivity gap

Author

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  • Margit Molnar

    (OECD)

  • Thomas Chalaux

Abstract

The Chinese economy has been undergoing fundamental structural changes since the start of reforms in 1978. An increasing number of farmers first got engaged in off-farm activities and then started to migrate to cities in the 1990s in search of jobs. Such movement of labour from less to more productive jobs boosted overall labour productivity and growth. Agglomeration and scale economies further pushed up productivity. While the productivity gains from internal migration will diminish gradually over time, urbanisation is likely to remain an important source of productivity growth in the coming decade or so. This paper first decomposes labour productivity growth over 2000-11 into a within-industry, a shift and a cross effect in a number of countries and compares China with other countries over this period. This shift-share analysis also allows a comparison of within-sector productivity gains across a large number of sectors and countries. Labour productivity alongside total factor productivity is also discussed from the perspective of its gap with the United States and growth rate over 2000-11 and in comparison with other BRIICS economies. In this analysis, manufacturing and service industries are looked at separately. This Working Paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of China www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-china.htm Évolution récente de la productivité en Chine : analyse structurelle-résiduelle des gains de productivité du travail et évolution de l'écart de productivité L’économie chinoise connaît des mutations structurelles majeures depuis le début du processus de réforme, en 1978. Un nombre croissant d’exploitants agricoles commencèrent à cette époque à exercer une activité en dehors de leur exploitation, puis migrèrent vers les villes dans les années 90, à la recherche d’un travail. De tels mouvements de main-d’oeuvre, quittant des emplois peu productifs pour des emplois qui l’étaient davantage, ont stimulé la productivité globale du travail et la croissance. Les économies d’agglomération et d’échelle ont constitué à leur tour une nouvelle source de gains de productivité. Si les gains liés aux migrations intérieures vont diminuer au fil du temps, l’urbanisation va probablement demeurer une source majeure d’amélioration de la productivité dans la décennie à venir. Ce document de travail décompose les gains de productivité pour la période 2000-11 en fonction de l’effet intrasectoriel, des variations de parts et de l’effet transversal, et compare la Chine à d’autres pays pour la même période. Cette analyse structurelle-résiduelle permet également de comparer la composante intrasectorielle des gains de productivité sur un grand nombre de secteurs et de pays. La productivité de la main-d’oeuvre et la productivité globale des facteurs sont également analysées du point de vue de leur écart avec les États-Unis et du taux de croissance entre 2000 et 2011, et en comparaison avec d’autres pays BRIICS. L’industrie et les services sont considérés séparément dans cette analyse. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de la Chine, OCDE, 2015 www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-chine.htm

Suggested Citation

  • Margit Molnar & Thomas Chalaux, 2015. "Recent trends in productivity in China: shift-share analysis of labour productivity growth and the evolution of the productivity gap," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1221, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1221-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1j15rj5zt-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Qiang Li & Jason F. Kovacs & Geun Hee Choi, 2021. "High-technology employment growth in China: geographic disparities in economic structure and sectoral performance," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1025-1064, November.
    2. Raisa Țăruș & Ștefan Dezsi & Andreea M. Crăciun & Florin Pop & Claudia E. Tudorache, 2022. "Urban Shrinking Cities in Romania and The Netherlands—A Possible Policy Framing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Hidekatsu Asada, 2020. "Impacts of sectoral labour productivity growth of emerging countries in East Asia," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(2), pages 906-919.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    BRIIC economies; China; Chine; industrie; labour productivity; manufacturing; pays BRIICS; productivity gap; productivité du travail; productivité globale des facteurs; services; services; total factor productivity; écart de productivité;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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