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Competition in artificial intelligence infrastructure

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  • OECD

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing general purpose technology of global importance. This paper examines the potential competition issues arising from the physical infrastructure underpinning AI development, particularly computing resources such as advanced chips. It explores the structure of AI supply chains, identifies key players and highlights characteristics that make these markets susceptible to competition issues. The paper also considers the tools available to competition authorities and assesses their relevance and limitations in addressing emerging challenges. Finally, it discusses how effective competition in AI infrastructure markets relies on competition authorities closely monitoring market developments and responding with a balanced mix of enforcement and advocacy tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Oecd, 2025. "Competition in artificial intelligence infrastructure," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers 330, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:dafaac:330-en
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    JEL classification:

    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
    • L63 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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