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Competition in artificial intelligence infrastructure

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  • OECD

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing general purpose technology of global importance. This paper examines the potential competition issues arising from the physical infrastructure underpinning AI development, particularly computing resources such as advanced chips. It explores the structure of AI supply chains, identifies key players and highlights characteristics that make these markets susceptible to competition issues. The paper also considers the tools available to competition authorities and assesses their relevance and limitations in addressing emerging challenges. Finally, it discusses how effective competition in AI infrastructure markets relies on competition authorities closely monitoring market developments and responding with a balanced mix of enforcement and advocacy tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Oecd, 2025. "Competition in artificial intelligence infrastructure," OECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers 330, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:dafaac:330-en
    DOI: 10.1787/623d1874-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Lee Bih Ni & Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok & Nur Farha Binti Shaafi & Arzizul Bin Antin, 2026. "The Use of AI in History Education in Sabah: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Schools," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(1), pages 1703-1712, January.
    2. Saad Ashfaq & Safia Waseem & Muhammad Tufail & Aqil Tariq, 2026. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Machine Learning Models with Short-Term Lag Inputs for Univariate Daily Streamflow time Series Forecasting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 40(4), pages 1-25, March.
    3. Bimbari Bora, 2026. "The AI Transition: Assessing Vulnerability and Structural Reform in Albania’s Labor Market," European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 95-107.
    4. Freda Moraa Omambia, 2025. "Artificial Intelligence (AI) And Financial Performance of the Financial Service Industry in Kenya," African Journal of Commercial Studies, African Journal of Commercial Studies, vol. 6(4).
    5. Pilar Mosquera & Maria Eduarda Soares, 2025. "Onboarding: a key to employee retention and workplace well-being," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 19(12), pages 3687-3711, December.
    6. Lee Bih Ni & Connie Shin@Cassy Ompok & Nur Farha Binti Shaafi & Arzizul Bin Antin, 2026. "The Use of AI in History Education in Sabah: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Schools," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(1), pages 479-488, January.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
    • L63 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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