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Average Personal Income Tax Rate and Tax Wedge Progression in OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Dominique Paturot

    (OECD)

  • Kirsti Mellbye

    (OECD)

  • Bert Brys

    (OECD)

Abstract

The statutory progressivity of the income taxes paid by wage earners, net of the standard cash benefits they receive, depend on the design and interaction of personal income taxes, social security contributions (SSCs) and cash benefits. In order to capture their combined impact, this paper presents statutory tax progressivity indicators for the 34 OECD member countries on the basis of average effective income tax rates and tax wedges which are calculated using the OECD’s Taxing Wages framework. The analysis shows a decreasing pattern of tax progressivity across income levels. In some countries, the tax system becomes regressive when the SSC ceiling has been reached. Also, child benefits increase progressivity (especially at low income levels) and their effect is larger than the flattening impact of SSCs, except at top income levels. Reductions in SSCs targeted at low-incomes and dependant spouse allowances increase progressivity in some OECD countries. Income-splitting systems typically have the opposite effect. Progression des taux moyens de l'impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques et du coin fiscal dans les pays de l'OCDE La progressivité légale des impôts sur le revenu payés par les salariés, après déduction des prestations en espèces qu’ils perçoivent, dépend de la conception des impôts sur le revenu des personnes physiques, des cotisations de sécurité sociale (CSS) et des prestations en espèces ainsi que de leurs interactions. Afin de déterminer leur effet combiné, cette étude présente des indicateurs de la progressivité légale des impôts pour les 34 pays membres de l’OCDE, en s’appuyant sur les taux moyens effectifs de l’impôt sur le revenu et sur les coins fiscaux calculés en utilisant le modèle établi par la publication de l’OCDE « Les impôts sur les salaires ». L’analyse révèle que la progressivité diminue à mesure que les niveaux de revenu augmentent. Dans certains pays, le système fiscal devient régressif lorsque le plafond des CSS est atteint. De même, les allocations familiales augmentent la progressivité (surtout pour les bas revenus), et leur incidence est supérieure à l’effet d’atténuation des CSS, sauf pour les hauts salaires. Les réductions de CSS ciblant les bas revenus et les indemnités pour conjoint à charge augmentent la progressivité dans certains pays de l’OCDE. En général, le régime du quotient familial produit l’effet inverse.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Paturot & Kirsti Mellbye & Bert Brys, 2013. "Average Personal Income Tax Rate and Tax Wedge Progression in OECD Countries," OECD Taxation Working Papers 15, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ctpaaa:15-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c0vhzsq8v-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Mazurek-Chwiejczak Małgorzata, 2016. "The Impact of The Tax System Structure on The Narrowing of Income Disparities in OECD Countries," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, vol. 12(3), pages 27-37, October.
    2. Stefan Kranzinger, 2020. "The decomposition of income inequality in the EU-28," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 47(3), pages 643-668, August.
    3. Fernández, C, 2022. "Firms, Informality and Institutions. The case of Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo 020599, Universidad del Rosario.
    4. Jana Kremer & Nikolai Stähler, 2016. "Structural and Cyclical Effects of Tax Progression," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 72(1), pages 41-73, March.
    5. Jonathan Shaw, 2014. "The redistribution and insurance value of welfare reform," IFS Working Papers W14/21, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    6. Linda Irene Llamas Rembao & Luis Huesca Reynoso & José Javier González, 2019. "Impact of Income Taxes on Wages. A Non Parametric Analysis of the Mexican Case," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 14(1), pages 79-94, Enero-Mar.
    7. Alexander Ahammer & Stefan Kranzinger, 2017. "Poverty in Times of Crisis," Economics working papers 2017-03, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    8. Can, Raif, 2015. "The Impact of Employment Protection Legislation on the Unemployment Rate in Selected OECD Countries," MPRA Paper 63329, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Rieth, Malte & Checherita-Westphal, Cristina & Attinasi, Maria-Grazia, 2016. "Personal income tax progressivity and output volatility: Evidence from OECD countries," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 49(3), pages 968-996.
    10. Granqvist, Harry & Grover, David, 2016. "Distributive fairness in paying for clean energy infrastructure," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 66486, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Fernández, C, 2022. "Firms, Informality and Institutions. The case of Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo 20598, Universidad del Rosario.
    12. Florije Govori, 2019. "Personal Income Tax Progression in Kosovo," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 8, November.
    13. Sarah Marchal & Wim Van Lancker, 2018. "The measurement of targeting intentions in complex welfare states: a proposal and empirical applications," Working Papers 1801, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    14. Kyle McNabb & Hazel Granger, 2023. "The taxation of employment income in African countries: Findings from a new dataset," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 1595-1618, October.
    15. Di Nola, Alessandro & Kocharkov, Georgi & Vasilev, Aleksandar, 2016. "Productivity, Taxation and Evasion: A Quantitative Exploration of the Determinants of the Informal Economy," EconStor Preprints 144164, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    16. Granqvist, Harry & Grover, David, 2016. "Distributive fairness in paying for clean energy infrastructure," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 87-97.
    17. Sarah Marchal & Wim Van Lancker, 2019. "The Measurement of Targeting Design in Complex Welfare States: A Proposal and Empirical Applications," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 143(2), pages 693-726, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    cotisations de sécurité sociale; impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques; personal income tax; progressivité de l’impôt; social security contributions; tax progressivity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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