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The effects of generative AI on productivity, innovation and entrepreneurship

Author

Listed:
  • Flavio Calvino
  • Jelmer Reijerink
  • Lea Samek

Abstract

This document reviews experimental research on the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on productivity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It highlights to what extent AI automates tasks, enhances skills, and transforms business operations. Additionally, this study discusses the role of AI in fostering creativity, accelerating research and development and lowering entry barriers for businesses, while also noting challenges related to trust and human expertise. Findings suggest that AI’s effectiveness depends on the user's experience and the task carried out, with human-AI collaboration being key to maximising its potential. The review identifies gaps in current research, particularly regarding AI’s long-term business effects and workers’ understanding of its limitations, emphasising the need for further studies to guide its responsible and effective use.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Calvino & Jelmer Reijerink & Lea Samek, 2025. "The effects of generative AI on productivity, innovation and entrepreneurship," OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers 39, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:comaaa:39-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Artificial Intelligence; Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Productivity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

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