Participation, choix occupationnel et gains sur un marché du travail segmenté : une analyse appliquée au cas du Maroc

Segmentation is a specific feature of urban labor markets in developing countries. This research strive to detect the factors that determines women's and men's participation behaviors, occupational choices, and earnings in segmented urban labor market of Morocco. It draws upon a previous study showing the presence of segmentation in urban labor market in Morocco. Based on differentials in the degree of exposition to market forces and institutional protections associate with occupations, the model has exhibited a non random latent allocation process of the individuals in four segments.The incidence of poverty is closely linked to the segments suggesting that access to protected jobs are key determinants of welfare conditions. The first part of the paper presents two models. First, a discrete choice binary model enable to investigate separately the determinants of labor participation and earnings of women's and men's. Then, a multinomial model is specified to account for the idiosyncrasy of the labor market ; i.e. its segmentation. The main objective is to apprehend participation behaviors by gender, sectoral occupational choices, and test for the segmentation hypothesis. The two proposed models are estimated using cross sectional data on urban areas from the 1990-1991 National Living Standard Measurement Survey. The labor market outcomes differs by gender. The results enable to specify earning patterns ; and how the urban labor market function and interact with individual occupational choices and employers decisions. The analysis confirms the prevalence of the segmentation hypothesis in urban areas of Morocco. (Full text in French)