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Gender Wage Differentials: New Cross-Country Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • S. Adams
  • Tim Callan
  • Nina Smith
  • Shirley Dex
  • Siv Gustafsson
  • J rgen Schupp

Abstract

This paper compares the most commonly quoted female-to-male wage ratios (based on hourly earnings in manufacturing) and ratios based on a harmonized analysis of household surveys. The surveys include employees of all types in all sectors--thereby overcoming the problems associated with a lack of comprehensive coverage and differences in definition. Countries studies include Sweden, Australia, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. The article then adjusts wage ratios for differences in educational qualifications and labor market experience, using a human capital specification of the wage equation. The authors conclude that the extent of the wage gaps between countries may be overstated by the figures based on workers in manufacturing: figures based on harmonized analysis of household surveys find some degree of convergence around a higher central tendency. Wage ratios adjusted for educational qualifications and years worked converge even more around a higher mean.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Adams & Tim Callan & Nina Smith & Shirley Dex & Siv Gustafsson & J rgen Schupp, 1995. "Gender Wage Differentials: New Cross-Country Evidence," LIS Working papers 134, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mincer, Jacob, 1985. "Intercountry Comparisons of Labor Force Trends and of Related Developments: An Overview," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(1), pages 1-32, January.
    2. Gunderson, Morley, 1989. "Male-Female Wage Differentials and Policy Responses," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 27(1), pages 46-72, March.
    3. Jenkins, Stephen P., 1994. "Earnings discrimination measurement : A distributional approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 81-102, March.
    4. Callan, Tim & Wren, Anne, 1994. "Male-Female Wage Differentials: Analysis and Policy Issues," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number GRS163, June.
    5. Shelley A. Phipps, 1990. "Gender Wage Differences In Australia, Sweden And The United States," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 36(4), pages 365-379, December.
    6. Wright, Robert E & Ermisch, John F, 1991. "Gender Discrimination in the British Labour Market: A Reassessment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101(406), pages 508-522, May.
    7. Phipps, Shelley A, 1990. "Gender Wage Differences in Australia, Sweden and the United States," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 36(4), pages 365-379, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Harkness, Susan & Waldfogel, Jane, 1999. "The family gap in pay: evidence from seven industrialised countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 6481, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. David Jesuit & Douglas Roscoe & Vincent Mahler, 1997. "Exploring the Impact of Trade and Investment on Income Inequality: A Cross-National Sectoral Analysis of the Developed Market Economy Countries," LIS Working papers 159, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    3. Jane Waldfogel & Susan Harkness, 1999. "The Family Gap in Pay: Evidence from Seven Industrialized Countries," LIS Working papers 219, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    4. BROOKES Mick, 2001. "Gender Earnings Mobility: A Comparison of Relative Mobility in Germany and the UK," IRISS Working Paper Series 2001-02, IRISS at CEPS/INSTEAD.
    5. Susan Harkness & Jane Waldfogel, 1999. "The Family Gap in Pay: Evidence from Seven Industrialised Countries," CASE Papers 030, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    6. Dmitry Kabrelyan, 2000. "A Comparison of the Earnings of Immigrants in Canada, United States, Australia and Germany," LIS Working papers 241, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    7. Callan, Tim & Keeney, Mary J. & Nolan, Brian & Walsh, John R., 2001. "Reforming Tax and Welfare," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number PRS42, June.

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