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Estimating Long-Run Incarceration Rates for Australia, Canada, England & Wales, New Zealand and the United States

Author

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  • Leigh, Andrew

    (Parliament of Australia)

Abstract

Compiling data from dozens of archival sources, I compile the most extensive series to date of the long-run imprisonment rate for five English-speaking nations: Australia, Canada, England and Wales, New Zealand and the United States. These series are constructed as a share of adults rather than the entire population, and I discuss why the latter can be misleading. In the late-nineteenth century, Australia had the highest incarceration rate of these nations. Today, the United States has the highest rate. With the exception of Canada, incarceration rates have risen markedly since the mid-1980s. These new series are made available in full, to allow other researchers to explore the consequences and causes of incarceration.

Suggested Citation

  • Leigh, Andrew, 2020. "Estimating Long-Run Incarceration Rates for Australia, Canada, England & Wales, New Zealand and the United States," IZA Discussion Papers 13024, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrew Leigh, 2020. "The Second Convict Age: Explaining the Return of Mass Imprisonment in Australia," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 96(313), pages 187-208, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrew Leigh, 2020. "The Second Convict Age: Explaining the Return of Mass Imprisonment in Australia," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 96(313), pages 187-208, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    incarceration; jail; prison; crime;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative

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