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The Roles of Location and Education in the Distribution of Economic Well-being in Indonesia: Hierarchical and Non-hierarchical Inequality Decomposition Analyses

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Abstract

This paper analyzes the roles of location (rural and urban sectors) and education in the distribution of economic well-being in Indonesia by employing the hierarchical and non-hierarchical decomposition methods of the Theil indices. This is done by using household expenditure data from the national socio-economic survey (Susenas) in 2008. It shows that there are large expenditure disparities across education levels but that these are more pronounced in the urban sector than the rural sector. When there are differences in educational structure between the rural and urban sectors, the hierarchical decomposition method appears to offer a better approach than the non-hierarchical method.

Suggested Citation

  • Takahiro Akita & Sachiko Miyata, 2013. "The Roles of Location and Education in the Distribution of Economic Well-being in Indonesia: Hierarchical and Non-hierarchical Inequality Decomposition Analyses," Working Papers EMS_2013_15, Research Institute, International University of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2013_15
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    Cited by:

    1. Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Higano, Yoshiro & Nijkamp, Peter, 2020. "Introduction to "Rural-Urban Dichotomies and Spatial Development in Asia"," MPRA Paper 103916, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Nov 2020.
    2. Takahiro Akita & Raquel Celeste & Sachiko Miyata, 2024. "Why has inequality in the Philippines declined? A two-stage hierarchical inequality decomposition analysis by location and education," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(4), pages 1940-1959, October.
    3. Dorji Lethro & Takahiro Akita, 2019. "The roles of education in expenditure inequality in Bhutan: an analysis in an urban–rural context," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 3(2), pages 465-485, June.
    4. Takahiro Akita & Sachiko Miyata, 2018. "Spatial Inequalities in Indonesia, 1996–2010: A Hierarchical Decomposition Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 138(3), pages 829-852, August.
    5. Dorji Lethro & Takahiro Akita, 2016. "Education and Expenditure Inequality in Bhutan: An Analysis based on 2007 and 2012 Household Survey Data," Working Papers EMS_2016_12, Research Institute, International University of Japan.
    6. Takahiro Akita & Avadhesh Kumar Shukla, 2025. "Educational Expansion and Declining Expenditure Inequality in Nepal Over the Past Two Decades," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(8), pages 1585-1600, November.
    7. Takahiro Akita, 2017. "Educational Expansion and the Role of Education in Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia Since the 1997 Financial Crisis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 130(3), pages 1165-1186, February.
    8. Takahiro Akita & Sachiko Miyata, 2020. "Urban and Rural Dimensions of the Role of Education in Inequality: A Comparative Analysis between Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines," Working Papers EMS_2020_04, Research Institute, International University of Japan.
    9. Wasim, Summerina & Munir, Kashif, 2017. "Regional Disparity and Decentralization in Pakistan: A Decomposition Analysis," MPRA Paper 83444, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Takahiro Akita & Sachiko Miyata, 2023. "Education and Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia and the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis in an Urban and Rural Dual Framework," Working Papers EMS_2023_03, Research Institute, International University of Japan.

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    JEL classification:

    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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