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Política Industrial e Empresas Estatais no Brasil: BNDES e Petrobras

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  • Mansueto Almeida
  • Renato Lima-de-Oliveira
  • Ben Ross Schneider

Abstract

O retorno do Estado desenvolvimentista no Brasil suscita revelações históricas e contrastes comparativos. A principal diferença contemporânea é que o desenvolvimentismo e a política industrial estão sendo definidos e implementados em um contexto político muito mais aberto e participativo do que no Brasil do pós-Guerra ou nos países do Leste Asiático. Da mesma forma, tais políticas estão sendo adotadas em um contexto de abertura comercial e fluxo de capital maiores. No século XX, os governos podiam mais facilmente se concentrar na concepção e na implementação da política industrial. Em contraste, os governos democráticos no século XXI precisam gerenciar uma série de outras políticas, especialmente novas políticas sociais. Estas políticas obviamente competem com a política industrial por recursos e pela atenção da alta hierarquia do Executivo. Este texto analisa o desenho, a implementação e a execução de políticas industriais no contexto democrático que prevalece hoje no Brasil, a partir da atuação de duas empresas estatais, o BNDES e a Petrobras, que são os dois maiores e mais ativos agentes da política industrial brasileira. The return of the developmental State in Brazil raises revealing historical and comparative contrasts. The main contemporary difference is that developmentalism and industrial policy are being defined and pursued in far more open and participatory political contexts than was previously the case in either Brazil or East Asian cases and more open borders in terms of economic flows of trade, finance, and direct investment. In the 20th century, governments could more easily focus on designing and implementing industrial policy. Democratic governments in the 21st century, in contrast, manage a host of other, especially social, policies. These policies of course compete with industrial policy for both resources and top level political support. This paper investigates how industrial policies are designed, implemented and evaluated today in Brazil, focusing on two Brazilian State companies, BNDES and Petrobras, the two largest and most active agents of industrial policy in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Mansueto Almeida & Renato Lima-de-Oliveira & Ben Ross Schneider, 2014. "Política Industrial e Empresas Estatais no Brasil: BNDES e Petrobras," Discussion Papers 2013, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2013
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    Cited by:

    1. Trojbicz, Beni & Loureiro, Maria Rita, 2018. "Brazilian oil sector reforms: The role of technical know-how and corporate ethos in Petrobras's dominance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 588-595.
    2. Matheus Cardoso Leal & Marcio Issao Nakane, 2022. "Brazilian economy in the 2000’s: A tale of two recessions," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2022_20, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    3. Ben Ross Schneider, 2017. "Unfinished legacy: understanding reciprocity, business groups and MNCs in Latin America," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 10(1), pages 111-125.
    4. Rodrigues, Suzana B. & Dieleman, Marleen, 2018. "The internationalization paradox: Untangling dependence in multinational state hybrids," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 39-51.

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