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Okun’s Laws Differentiated by Education

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  • Philippe Askenazy

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Christine Erhel

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEE - Centre d'études de l'emploi - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé)

Abstract

Our aim in this note is to set Okun's Law in a new perspective. We argue that highly educated labour should react differently to economic downturns and recoveries than lessereducated labour. A simple model shows that when highly educated workers are engaged in long-run projects, the adjustments of their (un)employment to GDP changes become ambiguous. If the access to capital is not too affected by the cycle, these adjustements can be the opposite of the employment changes of the lesser- educated workforce. Estimations for the United States, the European Union and across Europe support the coexistence of different Okun's laws according to educational attainment. This observation may help to explain recent puzzling macroeconomic facts.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Askenazy & Christine Erhel, 2015. "Okun’s Laws Differentiated by Education," Working Papers hal-01297704, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01297704
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    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Askenazy & Christine Erhel, 2017. "La productivité du travail en déclin : quels liens avec les transformations du marché du travail ?," Post-Print hal-02138346, HAL.
    2. Askenazy, Philippe & Erhel, Christine, 2015. "The French Productivity Puzzle," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 1512, CEPREMAP.
    3. Mindaugas Butkus & Kristina Matuzeviciute & Dovile Rupliene & Janina Seputiene, 2020. "Does Unemployment Responsiveness to Output Change Depend on Age, Gender, Education, and the Phase of the Business Cycle?," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-29, November.
    4. Mindaugas BUTKUS & Laura DARGENYTE-KACILEVICIENE & Kristina MATUZEVICIUTE & Dovile RUPLIENE & Janina SEPUTIENE, 2024. "Are there more than three regimes in the output-unemployment relationship? A panel quantile regression estimates of Okun's gap model in EU countries," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 15, pages 201-218, June.

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