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Murder nature: Weather and violent crime in rural Brazil

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  • Phoebe W. Ishak

    (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of weather shocks on violent crime using disaggregated data from Brazilian municipalities over the period 1991–2015. Employing a distributed lag model that takes into account temporal correlations of weather shocks and spatial correlation of crime rates, I document that adverse weather shocks in the form of droughts lead to a significant increase in violent crime in rural regions. This effect appears to persist beyond the growing season and over the medium run in contrast to the conventional view perceiving weather effects as transitory. To explain this persistence, I show that weather fluctuations are positively associated not only with agriculture yields, but also with the overall economic activity. Moreover, evidence shows the dominance of opportunity cost mechanism reflected in the fluctuations of the earnings especially for the agriculture and unskilled workers, giving credence that it is indeed the income that matters and not the general socio-economic conditions. Other factors such as local government budget capacity, (un)-employment, poverty, inequality, and psychological factors do not seem to explain violent crime rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Phoebe W. Ishak, 2022. "Murder nature: Weather and violent crime in rural Brazil," Post-Print hal-03691432, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03691432
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105933
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://amu.hal.science/hal-03691432
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    Cited by:

    1. Jessica M. Neves & Klauss K. S. Garcia & Beatriz F. A. Oliveira & Marco A. Horta, 2025. "Too Hot to Ignore: The Escalating Health Impact of Heatwaves in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(9), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Moreno-Louzada, Luca & Menezes-Filho, Naercio, 2024. "Technical change in agriculture and homicides: The case of genetically-modified soy seeds in Brazil," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    3. Vu Thuy Huong Le & Jesse D. Berman & Quynh Anh Tran & Elizabeth V. Wattenberg & Bruce H. Alexander, 2022. "The Effects of Daily Temperature on Crime Events in Urban Hanoi, Vietnam Using Seven Years of Data (2013–2019)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-11, October.
    4. Nogueira, Lauro & Rebouças de Souza, Nathanael Andray & Rodrigues, Fábio Lúcio & Gomes de Souza, Helson, 2025. "Violence and homicides in rural areas: An analysis of the homicide differential between rural and urban municipalities in Brazil," MPRA Paper 125310, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Brunel, Claire & Liu, Maggie Y., 2025. "Out of the Frying Pan: Weather shocks and internal migration in Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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