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Gender inequalities in pensions: different components similar levels of dispersion

Author

Listed:
  • Carole Bonnet

    (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques)

  • Dominique Meurs

    (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INED - Institut national d'études démographiques)

  • Benoît Rapoport

    (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

While the average gender gap in pensions is quite well documented, gender differences in the distribution of pensions have rarely been explored. We show in this paper that pension dispersion is very similar for men and women within the French pension system of a given sector (public or private). Gender differences are less marked among retired civil servants than among former private sector employees. However, the determinants of these inequalities are not the same for men and women. Using a regression-based decomposition of the Gini coefficient, we find that pension dispersion is mostly due to dispersion of the reference wage for all retirees but gender differences exist. For women, in particular, pension dispersion is also due to the dispersion in contribution periods. We also decompose the Gini coefficient by source of pension to measure the impact of institutional rules (minimum pensions, survivor's pension) on the extent of pension inequality. Unexpectedly, we find that the impact of minimum pensions is limited, although slightly larger for civil servants than for private-sector employees. Survivor's pension schemes, on the other hand, contribute positively to pension dispersion among retired women.

Suggested Citation

  • Carole Bonnet & Dominique Meurs & Benoît Rapoport, 2018. "Gender inequalities in pensions: different components similar levels of dispersion," Post-Print hal-01891157, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01891157
    DOI: 10.1007/s10888-018-9379-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Dehua Li & Juling Niu, 2024. "The Gender Gap in Pension Income for Urban Employees in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, July.
    2. Michael A. Nelson & Rajeev K. Goel, 2023. "Spillovers from gender equality onto economic equality: Evidence from 162 nations," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(6), pages 1365-1388, August.
    3. Li-Noy Green & Anat Herbst-Debby, 2025. "Motherhood as a Prism Shaping Financial Literacy for Retirement Among Generation Y Women," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, May.
    4. Carole Bonnet & Benoît Rapoport, 2020. "Is There a Child Penalty in Pensions? The Role of Caregiver Credits in the French Retirement System," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 36(1), pages 27-52, March.
    5. Anat Herbst-Debby, 2023. "What’s Your Pension Story? Women’s Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Old-Age Pension Status, Past and Present," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-20, May.
    6. M. Costa, 2019. "The evaluation of gender income inequality by means of the Gini index decomposition," Working Papers wp1130, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    7. Léa Cimelli & Carole Bonnet & Anne Solaz, 2024. "Do late-life divorces produce greater gender inequalities? Evidence from administrative data," Working Papers 292, French Institute for Demographic Studies.

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