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Salaried Employment and Earnings in Indonesia: New evidence on the selection bias

Author

Listed:
  • Margherita Comola

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Luiz de Mello

    (OCDE / OECD - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

Abstract

This article uses household survey data to estimate the determinants of earnings in Indonesia, a country where nonsalaried work is widespread and earnings data are available for salaried employees only. We deal with the selection bias by estimating a Full-Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) system of equations, where selection into the labour market is modelled in a multinomial setting. We find that some estimated parameters of the earnings equation differ from a binomial selection procedure by Heckman (1979), in particular for those variables with the strongest impact on the selection into the different labour-market statuses. However, the estimated returns to education are unaffected, even when we deal with the endogeneity of educational attainment following Duflo (2001). Overall, our findings show that the choice of the selection rule affects the estimates of the earnings determinants in the Indonesian labour market.

Suggested Citation

  • Margherita Comola & Luiz de Mello, 2013. "Salaried Employment and Earnings in Indonesia: New evidence on the selection bias," Post-Print hal-00684162, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00684162
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2012.667551
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    Cited by:

    1. Atiqah Amanda Siregar & Faizal Rahmanto Moeis & Wildan Al Kautsar Anky, 2021. "Assessing Indonesia’s Inclusive Employment Opportunities for People with Disability in the COVID-19 Era," LPEM FEBUI Working Papers 202163, LPEM, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised 2021.
    2. Yasser Razak Hussain & Pranab Mukhopadhyay, 2023. "How Much do Education, Experience, and Social Networks Impact Earnings in India? A Panel Data Analysis Disaggregated by Class, Gender, Caste and Religion," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    3. Arnaud Natal & Christophe Jalil Nordman, 2025. "She Works Hard for the Money: Debt Burden and Labour Supply in India," Working Papers DT/2025/01, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    4. Tamar Khitarishvili, 2018. "Gender Pay Gaps in the Former Soviet Union: A Review of the Evidence," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_899, Levy Economics Institute.
    5. Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin, 2016. "Earnings, productivity and inequality in Indonesia," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 27(2), pages 248-271, June.
    6. Ian Coxhead & Rashesh Shrestha, 2016. "Could a Resource Export Boom Reduce Workers’ Earnings? The Labour-Market Channel in Indonesia," Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(2), pages 185-208, May.
    7. Juan Carlos Campaña & J. Ignacio Giménez-Nadal & José Alberto Molina, 2020. "Self-employed and Employed Mothers in Latin American Families: Are There Differences in Paid Work, Unpaid Work, and Child Care?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 52-69, March.

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