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Incorporating innovation subsidies in the CDM framework: Empirical evidence from Belgium

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  • Dirk Czarnitzki
  • Julie Delanote

Abstract

This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM) model. Our results largely confirm insights of the input additionality literature, i.e. public subsidies complement private R&D investment. In addition, results point to positive output effects of both purely privately funded and subsidy–induced R&D. Furthermore, we do not find evidence of a premium or discount of subsidy–induced R&D in terms of its marginal contribution on new product sales when compared to purely privately financed R&D.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Czarnitzki & Julie Delanote, 2016. "Incorporating innovation subsidies in the CDM framework: Empirical evidence from Belgium," Working Papers of ECOOM - Centre for Research and Development Monitoring 543966, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), ECOOM - Centre for Research and Development Monitoring.
    • Handle: RePEc:ete:ecoomp:543966
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    2. Jacques Mairesse & Pierre Mohnen & Ad Notten, 2025. "Innovation and productivity: the recent empirical literature and the state of the art," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 15(1), pages 1-27, March.
    3. Junguo Shi & Bert M. Sadowski & Xinru Zeng & Shanshan Dou & Jie Xiong & Qiuya Song & Sihan Li, 2023. "Picking winners in strategic emerging industries using government subsidies in China: the role of market power," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Audretsch, David & Hafenstein, Marian & Kritikos, Alexander S. & Schiersch, Alexander, 2018. "Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector," IZA Discussion Papers 12035, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Thomas H. W. Ziesemer, 2021. "The Effects of R&D Subsidies and Publicly Performed R&D on Business R&D: A Survey," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 236(1), pages 171-205, March.
    6. Cristiano Antonelli, 2020. "Knowledge exhaustibility public support to business R&D and the additionality constraint," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 649-663, June.
    7. Wanshu Wu & Kai Zhao & Lei Li, 2021. "Can government subsidy strategies and strategy combinations effectively stimulate enterprise innovation? Theory and evidence," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(2), pages 423-446, July.
    8. Tea Petrin & Dragana Radicic, 2023. "Instrument policy mix and firm size: is there complementarity between R&D subsidies and R&D tax credits?," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 181-215, February.
    9. Isabel Bodas Freitas & Fulvio Castellacci & Roberto Fontana & Franco Malerba & Andrea Vezzulli, 2015. "The additionality effects of R&D tax credits across sectors: A cross-country microeconometric analysis," Working Papers on Innovation Studies 20150424, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo.
    10. Alexander Israel Silva-Gámez & Silvia Mariela Méndez-Prado & Andrés Arauz, 2022. "What’s Happening with the Patent Box Regimes? A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
    11. Stehnken, Thomas & Schöfl, Isabel & Danneil, Thomas & Astor, Michael & Rammer, Christian & Peters, Bettina & Ehrlich, Alexander & Kraft, Kornelius, 2024. "Evaluation des "Zentralen Innovationsprogramms Mittelstand" (ZIM): Endbericht," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 300894.
    12. Gezim Jusufi & Donat Rexha & Besime Ziberi, 2024. "Innovations and Entreprises Performance in Transition Countries, with Special Emphasis on Kosovo: CDM Model Approach," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 77-91.
    13. Antonio Prencipe & Luciano D'Amico & Danilo Boffa & Christian Corsi, 2024. "The effect of output additionality of public funding support on firm innovation. Evidence from firms of different sizes," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 2278-2299, April.
    14. Jiang, Zihao & Liu, Zhiying, 2022. "Policies and exploitative and exploratory innovations of the wind power industry in China: The role of technological path dependence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy

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