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Measuring Tax Effort in Arab Countries

Author

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  • M. Nagy Eltony

    (Industrial Bank of Kuwait)

Abstract

Many Arab countries face difficulties in generating sufficient revenues for public expenditure and may face a budget deficit. This study makes use of pooled time-series and cross-sectional country data for the 1994-2000 time period for 16 Arab countries to examine the determinants of the tax effort. The results suggest that in the Arab countries, the main determinants of the tax revenue share in GDP are the per capita income, the share of agriculture in GDP and the share of mining in GDP. Other variables that are also important are the share of exports, imports and the outstanding foreign debts. Furthermore, country-specific factors appear to be important determinants of tax share, e.g., the political system; attitudes toward government; the quality of tax administration and other institutions of the government. The results for the tax effort index showed that for Arab countries that are facing a budget deficit, especially those of the GCC, there is room to increase their tax revenues by reforming their tax systems.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Nagy Eltony, 2002. "Measuring Tax Effort in Arab Countries," Working Papers 0229, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 Oct 2002.
    • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:0229
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tosun Mehmet S, 2005. "The Tax Structure and Trade Liberalization of the Middle East and North Africa Region," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 3(1), pages 20-37, April.
    2. Jean-Louis Combes & Alexandru Minea & Pegdéwendé Nestor Sawadogo, 2019. "Assessing the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries," CERDI Working papers halshs-02019073, HAL.
    3. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi, 2018. "Macroeconomic Environment and Taxes Revenues in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 7(1), pages 30-39, March.
    4. Tandon, Suranjali & Rao, R. Kavita, 2019. "Frontier analysis for State Excise in India," Working Papers 19/276, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    5. Basil Dalamagas & Panagiotis Palaios & Stefanos Tantos, 2019. "A New Approach to Measuring Tax Effort," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-25, August.
    6. Ferdi Celikay, 2020. "Dimensions of tax burden: a review on OECD countries," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 25(49), pages 27-43, March.
    7. Jr-Tsung Huang & Kuang-Ta Lo & Po-Wen She, 2012. "The Impact Of Fiscal Decentralization On Tax Effort Of China'S Local Governments After The Tax Sharing System," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 57(01), pages 1-22.
    8. Ángeles Castro Gerardo & Ramírez Camarillo Diana Berenice, 2014. "Determinants of tax revenue in OECD countries over the period 2001-2011," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 59(3), pages 35-60, julio-sep.
    9. Compaoré, Ali, 2022. "Access-for-all to financial services: Non-resources tax revenue-harnessing opportunities in developing countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 236-245.
    10. Boukbech, Rachid & Bousselhamia, Ahmed & Ezzahid, Elhadj, 2018. "Determinants of tax revenues: Evidence from a sample of Lower Middle Income countries," MPRA Paper 90268, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Aïchatou Mourfou & Issaka Dialga & Idrissa Mohamed Ouedraogo, 2022. "Effets de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles sur la mobilisation des recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources naturelles dans l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 188-200, June.
    12. Basil Dalamagas & John Leventides & Panagiotis Palaios & Stefanos Tantos, 2020. "Revising the conventional tax‐effort principle," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 67(3), pages 272-299, July.
    13. Pete W. Moore, 2017. "The Fiscal Politics of Rebellious Grievance in the Arab World: Egypt and Jordan in Comparative Perspective," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(10), pages 1634-1649, October.
    14. Naoufel Mahfoudh & Imen Gmach, 2021. "The Effects of Fiscal Effort in Tunisia: An Evidence from the ARDL Bound Testing Approach," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, December.
    15. Manamba Epaphra & Lucas E. Kaaya, 2020. "Tax Revenue Effect of Sectoral Growth and Public Expenditure in Tanzania: An application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 15(3), pages 81-120, September.
    16. Ali Compaore, 2020. "Access-for-all to Financial Services: Non- resources Tax Revenue-harnessing Opportunities in Developing Countries," Working Papers hal-02901664, HAL.

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