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The Levelised Cost of Frequency Control Ancillary Services in Australia’s National Electricity Market

Author

Listed:
  • Joel Gilmore

    (Centre for Applied Energy Economics & Policy Research, Griffith University)

  • Tahlia Nolan

    (Iberdrola Australia)

  • Paul Simshauser

    (Griffith Business School, Griffith University)

Abstract

Over the period 2016-2021 Australia's National Electricity Market (NEM) experienced an investment supercycle, with 16,000MW of new utility-scale variable renewable plant commitments (and an additional 8,000MW of rooftop solar PV) in a power system with a ratcheted peak demand of 35,000MW. The sharp rise in intermittent asynchronous resources and the disorderly loss of 5,000MW of synchronous coal-fired generation plant placed strains on system security - most visibly represented by the rapid deterioration in the distribution of the power systems' (50Hz) Frequency. This in turn necessitated material changes to the NEM's suite of Frequency Control Ancillary Service (FCAS) markets. Utility-scale batteries are ideally suited for FCAS duties, but unlike the wholesale electricity market, there is no forward price curve for Frequency Control Ancillary Services, nor is there any systematic framework for determining equilibrium prices that might otherwise be used for investment decision-making. In this article, we develop an approach for quantifying long run equilibrium prices in the markets for Frequency Control Ancillary Services, with the intended application being to guide the suitability of utility-scale battery investments under conditions of uncertainty and missing forward FCAS markets.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Joel Gilmore & Tahlia Nolan & Paul Simshauser, 2022. "The Levelised Cost of Frequency Control Ancillary Services in Australia’s National Electricity Market," Working Papers EPRG2202, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    • Handle: RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2202
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    Cited by:

    1. Paul Moore & Oyeniyi Akeem Alimi & Ahmed Abu-Siada, 2025. "A Review of System Strength and Inertia in Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grids: Challenges, Sustainability, and Solutions," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-30, February.
    2. Psarros, Georgios N. & Papathanassiou, Stavros A., 2023. "Generation scheduling in island systems with variable renewable energy sources: A literature review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1105-1124.
    3. Rangarajan, Arvind & Foley, Sean & Trück, Stefan, 2023. "Assessing the impact of battery storage on Australian electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D25 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
    • D80 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - General
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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