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Private Money and Money Market Integration: The Role of Payments Infrastructure in 19th Century Switzerland

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  • Stuart, Rebecca
  • Kaufmann, Daniel

Abstract

Using newly collected discount rate data for six Swiss cities from 1846 to 1893, we find no evidence of increasing integration during a 30-year period of lightly regulated free banking. We attribute this to two structural issues: banks had incentives to ward off competitors by protecting their local monopolies or forming cartels, and there was always a risk (which varied across banks) that banknotes were not accepted or converted at par. We use a novel counterfactual to show that these issues increased discount rate dispersion, and argue that as a result, public regulation of payments infrastructure was necessary for money market integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Stuart, Rebecca & Kaufmann, Daniel, 2026. "Private Money and Money Market Integration: The Role of Payments Infrastructure in 19th Century Switzerland," CEPR Discussion Papers 21151, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21151
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
    • N13 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • N23 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: Pre-1913

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