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Masculinity Norms and Their Economic Implications

Author

Listed:
  • Matavelli, Ieda
  • Grosjean, Pauline
  • De Haas, Ralph
  • Baranov, Victoria

Abstract

While economists have extensively studied gender norms affecting women, masculinity norms---social norms about how men should behave ---remain underexplored. This review first synthesizes how other disciplines have studied masculinity, providing economists with conceptual foundations and empirical patterns for understanding masculinity norms. We then discuss how the study of masculinity norms can inform the economics literature on gender gaps and men's outcomes across multiple domains: health behavior, labor supply and occupational choice, violence and aggression, and political preferences. We also discuss paths for the transmission and persistence of these norms. Finally, using novel survey data from 70 countries, we present five stylized facts about masculinity norms. We document substantial global variation in these norms and demonstrate their predictive power for various socioeconomic and political outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Matavelli, Ieda & Grosjean, Pauline & De Haas, Ralph & Baranov, Victoria, 2025. "Masculinity Norms and Their Economic Implications," CEPR Discussion Papers 20549, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20549
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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