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Brecha de habilidades de los jóvenes en el mercado laboral colombiano

Author

Listed:
  • Ana María Díaz; Luz Magdalena Salas
  • Luz Magdalena Salas

Abstract

Resumen La brecha de habilidades entre la oferta y la demanda laboral explica parcialmente la desfavorable situación laboral de los jóvenes. Este estudio mide el skill mismatch o desajuste entre las habilidades que requiere la demanda de trabajo y las habilidades que ofrecen los trabajadores jóvenes en Colombia para el período 2016-2019. Con datos del Sistema de Información del Servicio de Empleo, identificamos las habilidades, competencias y capacidades que exige la demanda y las contrastamos con las que los trabajadores describen en sus hojas de vida. Utilizamos la ontología ESCO para estimar la distancia entre cada pareja de habilidades. Clasificamos las ocupaciones, y sus habilidades, con distinto potencial de automatización, de tal manera que los trabajadores puedan reconocer aquellas con mayor y menor riesgo a desaparecer en el futuro. Encontramos un mayor desajuste de habilidades específicas y de anos de educación para jóvenes en sectores altamente automatizables. Sin embargo, el desajuste de habilidades transversales es muy bajo para este grupo de jóvenes. Esto indica que, dado que los empleadores no encuentran trabajadores con el conocimiento específico requerido, sustituyen esos requisitos con habilidades más generales que son suficientes para realizar de manera adecuada el trabajo que se demanda en el sistema de intermediación laboral colombiano. *** Abstract The skills mismatch between labor supply and labor demand partially explains the unfavorable employment situation of young individuals. This study measures the skill mismatch between the skills required by the labor demand and the skills offered by young workers in Colombia for the period 2016-2019. With data from the Employment Service Information System, we identify the skills, competences and qualifications demanded by the firms in the job adds and compared them with those described by the workers in their resumes. We use ESCO ontology to estimate the distance between each skill pair. We classify occupations, and their skills, with different potential for automation, so that workers can recognize those with greater and lesser risk of disappearing in the future. We find a larger skill mismatch in specific skills and in years of education for young workers in highly automated occupations. However, the mismatch in transversal skills is very low for this group of workers. This indicates that, since employers cannot find workers with the specific knowledge required, they replace those requirements with more general skills that are sufficient to adequately perform the work demanded in the Colombian labor intermediation system.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana María Díaz; Luz Magdalena Salas & Luz Magdalena Salas, 2020. "Brecha de habilidades de los jóvenes en el mercado laboral colombiano," Vniversitas Económica 18139, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000416:018139
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    desajuste de habilidades; brecha de habilidades; automatización; mercado laboral; jóvenes; ontología; ocupaciones;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

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