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Brechas en remuneración por género en Colombia: un estudio comparado de metodologías de medición

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Mauricio Sánchez Torres
  • Diego Mejía Lleras

Abstract

Una de las grandes problemáticas laborales es la discriminación que enfrentan distintos grupos poblacionales, y particularmente las mujeres. Los menores niveles de ingreso frente a la misma calificación y características productivas, es lo que se considera tradicionalmente como brechas en remuneración por discriminación. El propósito de este documento es tener un marco analítico comparado, unificado y actualizado de las distintas metodologías de estimación de brechas en remuneración entre hombres y mujeres ocupados y asalariados en Colombia. Para ello se toma como referencia el ingreso laboral horario observado, y se estiman las diferencias para la media condicional (Mincer, 1974) y distintos puntos de la distribución (Koenker y Bassett, 1978), con corrección de sesgo de selección (Heckman, 1979; Neuman & Oaxaca, 2004), asimismo se descompone la brecha en efectos dotaciones y remuneración (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder; 1973; Machado y Mata, 2005; Melly, 2005). El principal resultado es que la brecha en remuneración por género existe, y es explicada en gran parte por un potencial de discriminación. La brecha por discriminación es mayor en la parte baja y alta de la distribución, y se reduce en posiciones medias. Lo anterior evidencia la importancia de generar políticas que reduzcan la informalidad, garanticen ecuanimidad en cargos directivos y fortalezcan las instituciones laborales. *** Labor discrimination is a primary issue, which has to be faced by several population groups, among them women. When a worker is paid lower even though he/she has the same qualifications or productive characteristics than other workers, it is said that he/she are discriminated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the earnings gaps associated with gender considering different statistical methodologies, and to develop a comparative and unified outline. To do so, hourly labor income is considered as the reference, and there are estimated conditional mean earnings gaps (Mincer, 1974), through the conditional distribution (Koenker & Bassett, 1978), and the corrections of selection bias are made (Heckman, 1979; Neuman & Oaxaca, 2004). Likewise, decompositions of the earnings gaps in endowments and coefficients effects are calculated (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder; 1973; Machado & Mata, 2005; Melly, 2005). The main result is the evidence of the gender earnings gaps, and the large extent of it is explained by discrimination. Besides, the gap is higher in the bottom and the top of the conditional distribution. As a result, this empirical evidence shows the importance of promote public policies that diminish informality, guarantee equality in management jobs and make labor institutions stronger.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Mauricio Sánchez Torres & Diego Mejía Lleras, 2019. "Brechas en remuneración por género en Colombia: un estudio comparado de metodologías de medición," Documentos de Trabajo, Escuela de Economía 17388, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000178:017388
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    File URL: http://fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/escuela-de-economia/102-brechas-en-remuneracion-por-genero-en-colombia-un-estudio-comparado-de-metodologias-de-medicion
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    discriminación laboral; género; brechas salariales; regresión por cuantiles; sesgo de selección;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

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