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Learning from Partial Labels with Minimum Entropy

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  • Yves Grandvalet
  • Yoshua Bengio

Abstract

This paper introduces the minimum entropy regularizer for learning from partial labels. This learning problem encompasses the semi-supervised setting, where a decision rule is to be learned from labeled and unlabeled examples. The minimum entropy regularizer applies to diagnosis models, i.e. models of the posterior probabilities of classes. It is shown to include other approaches to the semi-supervised problem as particular or limiting cases. A series of experiments illustrates that the proposed criterion provides solutions taking advantage of unlabeled examples when the latter convey information. Even when the data are sampled from the distribution class spanned by a generative model, the proposed approach improves over the estimated generative model when the number of features is of the order of sample size. The performances are definitely in favor of minimum entropy when the generative model is slightly misspecified. Finally, the robustness of the learning scheme is demonstrated: in situations where unlabeled examples do not convey information, minimum entropy returns a solution discarding unlabeled examples and performs as well as supervised learning. Cet article introduit le régularisateur à entropie minimum pour l'apprentissage d'étiquettes partielles. Ce problème d'apprentissage incorpore le cadre non supervisé, où une règle de décision doit être apprise à partir d'exemples étiquetés et non étiquetés. Le régularisateur à entropie minimum s'applique aux modèles de diagnostics, c'est-à-dire aux modèles des probabilités postérieures de classes. Nous montrons comment inclure d'autres approches comme un cas particulier ou limité du problème semi-supervisé. Une série d'expériences montrent que le critère proposé fournit des solutions utilisant les exemples non étiquetés lorsque ces dernières sont instructives. Même lorsque les données sont échantillonnées à partir de la classe de distribution balayée par un modèle génératif, l'approche mentionnée améliore le modèle génératif estimé lorsque le nombre de caractéristiques est de l'ordre de la taille de l'échantillon. Les performances avantagent certainement l'entropie minimum lorsque le modèle génératif est légèrement mal spécifié. Finalement, la robustesse de ce cadre d'apprentissage est démontré : lors de situations où les exemples non étiquetés n'apportent aucune information, l'entropie minimum retourne une solution rejetant les exemples non étiquetés et est aussi performante que l'apprentissage supervisé.

Suggested Citation

  • Yves Grandvalet & Yoshua Bengio, 2004. "Learning from Partial Labels with Minimum Entropy," CIRANO Working Papers 2004s-28, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2004s-28
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2004s-28.pdf
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    1. Celeux, Gilles & Govaert, Gerard, 1992. "A classification EM algorithm for clustering and two stochastic versions," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 315-332, October.
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