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The Long-Run Decline of Education Quality in the Developing World

Author

Listed:
  • Alexis Le Nestour

    (UNICEF Office of Research (Innocenti))

  • Laura Moscoviz

    (Center for Global Development)

  • Justin Sandefur

    (Center for Global Development)

Abstract

We use comparable, survey-based literacy tests for repeated cross-sections of men and women born between 1950 and 2000 to study education outcomes across cohorts in 87 countries. We find that education quality, defined as literacy conditional on completing five years of schooling, stagnated across the developing world over half a century, including absolute declines in both South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Shifts in student composition clearly explain part of the downward trend we observe, but the decline pre-dates the abolition of school fees in most countries, and anthropometric data suggest students in later decades were healthier and wealthier than those in earlier cohorts. Globally, increases in schooling outpaced the decline in education quality, leading to a large increase in unconditional literacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexis Le Nestour & Laura Moscoviz & Justin Sandefur, 2022. "The Long-Run Decline of Education Quality in the Developing World," Working Papers 608, Center for Global Development, revised 22 Sep 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:cgd:wpaper:608
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    literacy; education quality; access to education;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • N37 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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