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Heterogeneous Effects of Weather Shocks on Food Prices in a Country with Diverse Agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • Camilo Bohorquez-Penuela
  • Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía
  • Anabelle Couleau
  • Alexánder Almeida

Abstract

We study how extreme weather shocks affect food prices in Colombia, a country with exceptional geographic and agricultural diversity. We exploit detailed information on production networks and wholesale prices of 40 crops over a nine-year period, as well as granular rainfall and temperature data, to estimate the local (crop and market-level) and global (countrywide) effects of weather shocks. Our findings reveal that global shocks drive most of the price effects, with local effects remaining small and often statistically insignificant. During El Niño episodes, global high-temperature and low-precipitation shocks are the main drivers of price increases, whereas during La Niña episodes, global high-precipitation and low-temperature shocks dominate. We also find very heterogeneous effects across crops. A machine-learning analysis reveals that this heterogeneity is driven primarily by farm-level characteristics, such as access to electricity, irrigation infrastructure, credit, and technical assistance, rather than by geographic factors. Crucially, the key predictors of price sensitivity differ substantially across shock types, suggesting that effective policies to reduce weather-induced food price volatility must be tailored to the specific risks faced by different crops. *** RESUMEN:*** Estudiamos cómo los choques climáticos afectan los precios de los alimentos en Colombia, un país con una excepcional diversidad geográfica y agrícola. Utilizamos información detallada sobre redes de producción y precios mayoristas de 40 cultivos durante un período de nueve años, así como datos de precipitación y temperatura de alta resolución espacial, para estimar los efectos locales (a nivel de cultivo y mercado) y globales (a nivel nacional) de los choques climáticos. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que los choques globales explican la mayor parte de los efectos sobre los precios, mientras que los efectos locales permanecen reducidos y, con frecuencia, no son estadísticamente significativos. Durante los episodios de El Niño, los choques globales asociados con altas temperaturas y baja precipitación constituyen los principales impulsores de los aumentos de precios, mientras que durante los episodios de La Niña predominan los choques globales de alta precipitación y bajas temperaturas. También encontramos una marcada heterogeneidad en los efectos entre cultivos. Un análisis basado en técnicas de aprendizaje de máquinas revela que esta heterogeneidad está determinada principalmente por características a nivel de finca, tales como el acceso a electricidad, infraestructura de riego, crédito y asistencia técnica, más que por factores geográficos. No obstante, estos predictores difieren sustancialmente entre tipos de choques, lo que sugiere que las políticas destinadas a reducir la volatilidad de los precios de los alimentos inducida por el clima deben adaptarse a los riesgos específicos que enfrenta cada cultivo. ***

Suggested Citation

  • Camilo Bohorquez-Penuela & Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Anabelle Couleau & Alexánder Almeida, 2026. "Heterogeneous Effects of Weather Shocks on Food Prices in a Country with Diverse Agriculture," Borradores de Economia 1365, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1365
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    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • Q10 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - General
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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