Author
Listed:
- Gaurav Khanna
- Carlos Medina
- Anant Nyshadham
- Daniel Ramos-Menchelli
- Jorge Tamayo
- Audrey Tiew
Abstract
Neighborhoods are strong determinants of both economic opportunity and criminal activity. Does improving connectedness between segregated and unequal parts of a city predominantly import opportunity or export crime? We use a spatial general equilibrium framework to model individual decisions of where to work and whether to engage in criminal activity, with spillovers across the criminal and legitimate sectors. We match at the individual level various sources of administrative records from Medellín, Colombia, to construct a novel, granular dataset recording the origin and destination of both workers and criminals. We leverage the rollout of a cable car in an event study design, and show how access to transit lines reduces criminal participation and induces legitimate employment. We identify key parameters of the model, informing how changes in transportation costs causally affect the location and sector choices of workers and criminals. Our counterfactual exercises indicate that, when improving the connectedness of neighborhoods, overall criminal activity in the city is reduced, and total welfare is improved. *****RESUMEN: Los vecindarios son importantes determinantes tanto de las oportunidades económicas como de la actividad criminal. Mejorar la conectividad de vecindarios segregados y pobres, con el resto de la ciudad, importará oportunidades a esos vecindarios, o exportará crimen desde ellos? Nosotros utilizamos un modelo de equilibrio general para modelar las decisiones individuales de dónde trabajar y de si involucrarse en actividades criminales, incorporando efectos sobre los sectores criminal y legal. Construimos una novedosa base de datos a nivel individual con base en varios registros administrativos de Medellín, Colombia, que incluye el origen y el destino tanto de los empleados como de los criminales. Nosotros provechamos la construcción de varias líneas de cable del Metro de Medellín, y mostramos cómo el acceso a las estaciones conectadas por estos cables reduce la participación en actividades criminales e incrementa el empleo formal. También identificamos varios parámetros del modelo que nos permiten estimar, cómo los cambios en los costos del transporte, afectan de forma causal, la ubicación y la elección sectorial, de empleados y criminales. Nuestro ejercicio contrafactual indica que, cuando se mejora la conectividad de los vecindarios, la criminalidad total de la ciudad se reduce, y el bienestar total se incrementa.
Suggested Citation
Gaurav Khanna & Carlos Medina & Anant Nyshadham & Daniel Ramos-Menchelli & Jorge Tamayo & Audrey Tiew, 2025.
"Spatial Mobility, Economic Opportunity, and Crime,"
Borradores de Economia
1334, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:borrec:1334
DOI: 10.32468/be.1334
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JEL classification:
- F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J46 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Informal Labor Market
- K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
- O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General
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