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The Italian labour market after the pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Emanuele Ciani

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Salvatore Lattanzio

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Graziella Mendicino

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Eliana Viviano

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

Between 2019 and 2024, employment growth was sustained – driven not only by an increase in labour supply but also by temporary factors, such as the decrease in real wages, the resumption of hiring in the public sector, and expansionary policies. There were also signs of structural change, including the spread of advanced services, in line with trends in other European countries. This paper documents the main changes in the composition of employment and in firms' wage policies, with particular attention to the sectors and occupations most influenced by technological change.

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuele Ciani & Salvatore Lattanzio & Graziella Mendicino & Eliana Viviano, 2025. "The Italian labour market after the pandemic," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 962, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_962_25
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    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2025-0962/QEF_962_25.pdf
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General

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