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Women and the Italian economy

Author

Listed:
  • Magda Bianco

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Francesca Lotti

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Roberta Zizza

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

Gender gaps in the labour market, in boardrooms and in wages are still significant in Italy. This paper, which summarizes the main results of a research project aimed at identifying the economic consequences of these gaps and their main causes, presents some evidence regarding wage differentials, differences in the gender composition of boards and differentials in access to credit. The causes of these persistent gaps are found both in labour supply and demand factors. Among the former we count the dearth of policies and programmes to reconcile work and family commitments and the lack of flexibility in the workplace; education is also relevant in some respects. Among the latter, we include cultural factors and “implicit” discrimination, i.e. when the labour market rewards traits more commonly found in men even when they have no bearing on specific job requirements. Some policies to narrow gender gaps are discussed: national and regional legislation; subsidies for female entrepreneurship; a tax system that does not discourage female labour supply.

Suggested Citation

  • Magda Bianco & Francesca Lotti & Roberta Zizza, 2013. "Women and the Italian economy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 171, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_171_13
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    File URL: https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2013-0171/QEF_171.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Francesca Carta, 2019. "Female labour supply in Italy: the role of parental leave and child care policies," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 539, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    2. Monica Amici & Maria Lucia Stefani, 2013. "A gender equality index for the Italian regions," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 190, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    3. Giorgio Calcagnini & Germana Giombini & Elisa Lenti, 2015. "Gender Differences in Bank Loan Access: An Empirical Analysis," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 1(2), pages 193-217, July.
    4. Giovanni D�Alessio, 2018. "Gender wealth gap in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 433, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Francesca di Donato & Delio Panaro & Sara Trucco, 2016. "Board Gender Diversity, Network and Firms’ Performance in the Italian Listed Companies," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(10), pages 332-332, September.
    6. Amicarelli, Vera & Lagioia, Giovanni & Sampietro, Stefania & Bux, Christian, 2022. "Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed food waste perception and behavior? Evidence from Italian consumers," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    7. Vera Amicarelli & Caterina Tricase & Alessia Spada & Christian Bux, 2021. "Households’ Food Waste Behavior at Local Scale: A Cluster Analysis after the COVID-19 Lockdown," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender gap; conciliation; discrimination; politics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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