IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2106.08437.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Deep reinforcement learning on a multi-asset environment for trading

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Hirsa
  • Joerg Osterrieder
  • Branka Hadji-Misheva
  • Jan-Alexander Posth

Abstract

Financial trading has been widely analyzed for decades with market participants and academics always looking for advanced methods to improve trading performance. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a recently reinvigorated method with significant success in multiple domains, still has to show its benefit in the financial markets. We use a deep Q-network (DQN) to design long-short trading strategies for futures contracts. The state space consists of volatility-normalized daily returns, with buying or selling being the reinforcement learning action and the total reward defined as the cumulative profits from our actions. Our trading strategy is trained and tested both on real and simulated price series and we compare the results with an index benchmark. We analyze how training based on a combination of artificial data and actual price series can be successfully deployed in real markets. The trained reinforcement learning agent is applied to trading the E-mini S&P 500 continuous futures contract. Our results in this study are preliminary and need further improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Hirsa & Joerg Osterrieder & Branka Hadji-Misheva & Jan-Alexander Posth, 2021. "Deep reinforcement learning on a multi-asset environment for trading," Papers 2106.08437, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2106.08437
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.08437
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiao-Yang Liu & Zhuoran Xiong & Shan Zhong & Hongyang Yang & Anwar Walid, 2018. "Practical Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Stock Trading," Papers 1811.07522, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    2. Jochen Papenbrock & Peter Schwendner, 2015. "Handling risk-on/risk-off dynamics with correlation regimes and correlation networks," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 29(2), pages 125-147, May.
    3. Chien Yi Huang, 2018. "Financial Trading as a Game: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach," Papers 1807.02787, arXiv.org.
    4. Zhengyao Jiang & Dixing Xu & Jinjun Liang, 2017. "A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for the Financial Portfolio Management Problem," Papers 1706.10059, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2017.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiao-Yang Liu & Hongyang Yang & Jiechao Gao & Christina Dan Wang, 2021. "FinRL: Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework to Automate Trading in Quantitative Finance," Papers 2111.09395, arXiv.org.
    2. Xiao-Yang Liu & Hongyang Yang & Qian Chen & Runjia Zhang & Liuqing Yang & Bowen Xiao & Christina Dan Wang, 2020. "FinRL: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Library for Automated Stock Trading in Quantitative Finance," Papers 2011.09607, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    3. Amir Mosavi & Pedram Ghamisi & Yaser Faghan & Puhong Duan, 2020. "Comprehensive Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Methods and Applications in Economics," Papers 2004.01509, arXiv.org.
    4. Mei-Li Shen & Cheng-Feng Lee & Hsiou-Hsiang Liu & Po-Yin Chang & Cheng-Hong Yang, 2021. "An Effective Hybrid Approach for Forecasting Currency Exchange Rates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-29, March.
    5. Amirhosein Mosavi & Yaser Faghan & Pedram Ghamisi & Puhong Duan & Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili & Ely Salwana & Shahab S. Band, 2020. "Comprehensive Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Methods and Applications in Economics," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-42, September.
    6. Zihao Zhang & Stefan Zohren & Stephen Roberts, 2019. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Trading," Papers 1911.10107, arXiv.org.
    7. Shuo Sun & Rundong Wang & Bo An, 2021. "Reinforcement Learning for Quantitative Trading," Papers 2109.13851, arXiv.org.
    8. Jonas Hanetho, 2023. "Deep Policy Gradient Methods in Commodity Markets," Papers 2308.01910, arXiv.org.
    9. Tidor-Vlad Pricope, 2021. "Deep Reinforcement Learning in Quantitative Algorithmic Trading: A Review," Papers 2106.00123, arXiv.org.
    10. Zechu Li & Xiao-Yang Liu & Jiahao Zheng & Zhaoran Wang & Anwar Walid & Jian Guo, 2021. "FinRL-Podracer: High Performance and Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Quantitative Finance," Papers 2111.05188, arXiv.org.
    11. Jinan Zou & Qingying Zhao & Yang Jiao & Haiyao Cao & Yanxi Liu & Qingsen Yan & Ehsan Abbasnejad & Lingqiao Liu & Javen Qinfeng Shi, 2022. "Stock Market Prediction via Deep Learning Techniques: A Survey," Papers 2212.12717, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2023.
    12. Uta Pigorsch & Sebastian Schafer, 2021. "High-Dimensional Stock Portfolio Trading with Deep Reinforcement Learning," Papers 2112.04755, arXiv.org.
    13. Jiahua Xu & Daniel Perez & Yebo Feng & Benjamin Livshits, 2023. "Auto.gov: Learning-based On-chain Governance for Decentralized Finance (DeFi)," Papers 2302.09551, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    14. Frensi Zejnullahu & Maurice Moser & Joerg Osterrieder, 2022. "Applications of Reinforcement Learning in Finance -- Trading with a Double Deep Q-Network," Papers 2206.14267, arXiv.org.
    15. Alexandre Carbonneau & Fr'ed'eric Godin, 2021. "Deep equal risk pricing of financial derivatives with non-translation invariant risk measures," Papers 2107.11340, arXiv.org.
    16. Fischer, Thomas G., 2018. "Reinforcement learning in financial markets - a survey," FAU Discussion Papers in Economics 12/2018, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute for Economics.
    17. Charl Maree & Christian W. Omlin, 2022. "Balancing Profit, Risk, and Sustainability for Portfolio Management," Papers 2207.02134, arXiv.org.
    18. Martino Banchio & Giacomo Mantegazza, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence and Spontaneous Collusion," Papers 2202.05946, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2023.
    19. Miquel Noguer i Alonso & Sonam Srivastava, 2020. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Asset Allocation in US Equities," Papers 2010.04404, arXiv.org.
    20. Mengying Zhu & Xiaolin Zheng & Yan Wang & Yuyuan Li & Qianqiao Liang, 2019. "Adaptive Portfolio by Solving Multi-armed Bandit via Thompson Sampling," Papers 1911.05309, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2019.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2106.08437. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.