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Monetary Policy and the Credit Channel, 2008-2019

Author

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  • Kerry Loaiza-Marín

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Jose Pablo Barquero-Romero

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

This work shows that the credit channel is a potential determinant of the effectiveness of monetary policy in Costa Rica. Monetary policy decisions can be transmitted on economic activity not only through changes in interest rates, but also by impacting the availability and terms of bank loans. Microdata is used that cover the universe of new loans granted by financial entities monthly and it is observed that the impact of changes in the monetary policy rate is asymmetric, and that said asymmetry depends on the decision that commercial banks make about whether allocate resources to grant credit or place it in securities. Particularly, it is identified that the credit channel has a high probability of being activated when the proportion of securities with respect to credit held by banking entities is around 21,8%. When the credit channel is inactive, an increase of 100 basis points (b.p.) in the monetary policy rate (MPR) is associated with a response in the interannual rate of variation of the Monthly Economic Activity Index (IMAE) of -0,24 percentage points. (p.p.) twelve months after the change. With the channel active, this response is -2,61 p.p. Given this, the cyclical and financial conditions of the local economy are fundamental to understanding the effectiveness of monetary policy. ***Resumen: Este trabajo muestra que el canal de crédito es un potencial determinante de la efectividad de la política monetaria en Costa Rica. Las decisiones de política monetaria pueden transmitirse sobre la actividad económica no solamente mediante cambios en las tasas de interés, sino también al impactar la disponibilidad y los términos de los préstamos bancarios. Se utilizan microdatos que cubren el universo de préstamos nuevos otorgados por las entidades financieras con frecuencia mensual y se observa que el impacto de cambios en la tasa de política monetaria es asimétrico, y que dicha asimetría depende de la decisión que tomen los bancos comerciales sobre si destinar recursos a otorgar crédito o bien colocarlo en títulos valores. Particularmente, se identifica que el canal de crédito tiene alta probabilidad de activarse cuando la proporción de títulos valores con respecto al crédito que mantienen las entidades bancarias se ubica en torno a 21,8 %. Cuando el canal crediticio está inactivo, un incremento de 100 puntos base (p.b.) en la tasa de política monetaria (TPM) se asocia con una respuesta de la tasa de variación interanual del Índice Mensual de Actividad Económica (IMAE) de -0,24 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) doce meses después del cambio. Con el canal activo, esta respuesta es de -2,61 p.p. Ante ello, las condiciones cíclicas y financieras de la economía local son fundamentales para entender la efectividad de la política monetaria.

Suggested Citation

  • Kerry Loaiza-Marín & Jose Pablo Barquero-Romero, 2025. "Monetary Policy and the Credit Channel, 2008-2019," Documentos de Trabajo 2504, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2504
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/501
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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