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Historical analysis of the real exchange rate in Costa Rica

Author

Listed:
  • Alonso Alfaro-Ureña

    (Economic Division, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Catalina Sandoval-Alvarado

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

The Real Exchange Rate (RER) is a relative price that determines the allocation of resources in an economy, therefore it has an impact on economic activity and, in addition, reflects the conditions that affect competitiveness in international trade. Its analysis and interpretation must be carried out in a complementary way with internal and external macroeconomic variables. In this paper, the RER in Costa Rica is analyzed from a historical perspective for the period 1957-2020, together with the trajectory of its long-term macroeconomic fundamentals and the exchange rate regime in force at each moment. There is also included an estimation of the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) using the approach called Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER). It is documented that the macroeconomic fundamentals of the ERER have varied substantially in ways that affected the RER in different directions, and that the latter has mostly remained on a path consistent with the equilibrium dictated by its macroeconomic fundamentals. ***Resumen: El Tipo de cambio real (TCR) es un precio relativo que determina la asignación de recursos en una economía, por tanto, tiene impacto en la actividad económica y, además, refleja las condiciones que inciden en la competitividad en el comercio internacional. Su análisis e interpretación debe realizarse de forma complementaria con variables macroeconómicas internas y externas. En este trabajo se analiza el TCR en Costa Rica desde una perspectiva histórica para el período comprendido entre 1957 y 2020, en conjunto con la trayectoria de sus determinantes macroeconómicos de largo plazo y el régimen cambiario vigente en cada momento. Adicionalmente, se estima el tipo de cambio real de equilibrio (TCRE) mediante el enfoque llamado Comportamiento del TCRE (BEER, por sus siglas en inglés). Se documenta que los determinantes del TCRE han experimentado cambios sustanciales que afectaron al TCR en distintas direcciones y que, este último, se ha mantenido mayoritariamente en una senda coherente con el equilibrio que dictan sus determinantes macroeconómicos fundamentales.

Suggested Citation

  • Alonso Alfaro-Ureña & Catalina Sandoval-Alvarado, 2022. "Historical analysis of the real exchange rate in Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 2202, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2202
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/367
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    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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