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Regímenes Fiscales en Argentina (1900-2024). Interacciones con la Política Monetaria

Author

Listed:
  • Laura D'Amato

    (UCEMA-UBA)

  • Federico Grillo

    (BCRA)

  • Sebastián Katz

    (BCRA-UBA)

Abstract

El aumento de las deudas públicas y el retorno de la inflación tras la crisis financiera global y la pandemia reavivaron el debate sobre el papel de las interacciones fiscal-monetarias en la determinación del nivel de precios y de la demanda inflacionaria, en un contexto de políticas fiscales mucho más activas y potencialmente no ricardianas. Argentina ofrece un caso extremo: la inestabilidad nominal ha sido casi la norma y su vínculo con los desequilibrios fiscales persistentes es evidente. Este trabajo recorre su historia fiscal-monetaria entre 1900 y 2024 para identificar los regímenes fiscales prevalecientes y sus eventuales consecuencias en el plano nominal. Estimamos una función de reacción fiscal a la Bohn e identificamos regímenes mediante quiebres estructurales (Bai y Perron) en línea con Mauro et al. (2015). Hallamos un régimen fiscal pasivo o ricardiano entre 1900 y 1940, asociado a una notable estabilidad nominal, y uno activo o no ricardiano desde 1941 en adelante, con marcada inestabilidad nominal, salvo el interregno 1997-2010. Estos hallazgos se confirman con la estimación de una brecha fiscal-monetaria (Bolhuis et al (2024)), la distancia entre la tasa de interés natural y la tasa "fiscal" que estabilizaría el ratio deuda/PIB en presencia de políticas fiscales activas. Esta brecha corrobora la presencia de tensiones fiscal-monetarias y provee evidencia complementaria consistente con nuestro hallazgo de políticas fiscales activas a partir de 1941, con excpeción del período 1997-2010.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura D'Amato & Federico Grillo & Sebastián Katz, 2026. "Regímenes Fiscales en Argentina (1900-2024). Interacciones con la Política Monetaria," Working Papers 408, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
  • Handle: RePEc:aoz:wpaper:408
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    File URL: https://rednie.eco.unc.edu.ar/files/DT/408.pdf
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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