IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/aiz/louvad/2025018.html

The Three-step method in a dynamic setting

Author

Listed:
  • Belhouari, Oussama

    (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium)

  • Devolder, Pierre

    (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium)

  • Linders, Daniel

    (University of Amsterdam)

Abstract

A crucial issue in a dynamic framework, is how risk valuations at different times are interrelated. In this regard, the notion of time consistency was widely introduced and discussed in the literature. A time-consistent dynamic valuation is a pricing method according to which a product that will be, in almost all states of nature, cheaper than another one at a future date should already be cheaper today. This paper aims to construct a time-consistent, dynamic version of the Three-step method introduced in [Deelstra et al., 2020] for hybrid life Pure Endowment products, employing a backward iteration scheme. The backward scheme is illustrated in a dual-iteration approach using a Pure Endowment product without profit sharing. Furthermore, we explore the continuous-time limit of the backward scheme, incorporating profit-sharing into the PureEndowment to investigate a hybrid life payoff. Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of the diversifiable component undermines the time-consistency of the dynamic Three-step method. Consequently, the time-consistent price of the actuarial part shows a notable increase. To address this, and in accordance with [Devolder and Leb`egue, 2016], we present a reduced time-consistent variant by decreasing the safety loads in each iterative step of the backward scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Belhouari, Oussama & Devolder, Pierre & Linders, Daniel, 2025. "The Three-step method in a dynamic setting," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2025018, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    • Handle: RePEc:aiz:louvad:2025018
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/en/object/boreal%3A306433/datastream/PDF_01/view
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barigou, Karim & Chen, Ze & Dhaene, Jan, 2019. "Fair dynamic valuation of insurance liabilities: Merging actuarial judgement with market- and time-consistency," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 19-29.
    2. Beatrice Acciaio & Irina Penner, 2011. "Dynamic Risk Measures," Springer Books, in: Giulia Di Nunno & Bernt Øksendal (ed.), Advanced Mathematical Methods for Finance, chapter 0, pages 1-34, Springer.
    3. Malamud, Semyon & Trubowitz, Eugene & Wüthrich, Mario V., 2008. "Market Consistent Pricing of Insurance Products," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 483-526, November.
    4. Antoon Pelsser & Mitja Stadje, 2014. "Time-Consistent And Market-Consistent Evaluations," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 25-65, January.
    5. Pelsser, Antoon & Salahnejhad Ghalehjooghi, Ahmad, 2016. "Time-consistent actuarial valuations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 97-112.
    6. Devolder, Pierre & Azizieh, Celine, 2013. "Margrabe Option And Life Insurance With Participation," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2013050, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    7. Ze Chen & Bingzheng Chen & Jan Dhaene, 2020. "Fair dynamic valuation of insurance liabilities: a loss averse convex hedging approach," Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2020(9), pages 792-818, October.
    8. Karim Barigou & Daniël Linders & Fan Yang, 2023. "Actuarial-consistency and two-step actuarial valuations: a new paradigm to insurance valuation," Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2023(2), pages 191-217, February.
    9. Bion-Nadal, Jocelyne, 2009. "Time consistent dynamic risk processes," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 119(2), pages 633-654, February.
    10. LUCIANO, Elisa & VIGNA, Elena, 2008. "Mortality risk via affine stochastic intensities: calibration and empirical relevance," MPRA Paper 59627, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Pierre Devolder & Adrien Lebègue, 2016. "Compositions of Conditional Risk Measures and Solvency Capital," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-21, December.
    12. Deelstra, Griselda & Devolder, Pierre & Gnameho, Kossi & Hieber, Peter, 2020. "Valuation Of Hybrid Financial And Actuarial Products In Life Insurance By A Novel Three-Step Method," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(3), pages 709-742, September.
    13. Bacinello, Anna Rita, 2001. "Fair Pricing of Life Insurance Participating Policies with a Minimum Interest Rate Guaranteed," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(2), pages 275-297, November.
    14. Deelstra, Griselda & Devolder, Pierre & Gnameho, Kossi & Hieber, Peter, 2020. "Valuation of hybrid financial and actuarial products in life insurance by a novel three-step method," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2020020, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    15. Dhaene, Jan & Stassen, Ben & Barigou, Karim & Linders, Daniël & Chen, Ze, 2017. "Fair valuation of insurance liabilities: Merging actuarial judgement and market-consistency," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 14-27.
    16. Belhouari, Oussama & Deelstra, Griselda & Devolder, Pierre, 2024. "Hybrid life insurance valuation based on a new standard deviation premium principle in a stochastic interest rate framework," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2024024, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    17. Chen, Ze & Chen, Bingzheng & Dhaene, Jan & Yang, Tianyu, 2021. "Fair dynamic valuation of insurance liabilities via convex hedging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 1-13.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karim Barigou & Valeria Bignozzi & Andreas Tsanakas, 2021. "Insurance valuation: A two-step generalised regression approach," Post-Print hal-03043244, HAL.
    2. Karim Barigou & Daniël Linders & Fan yang, 2022. "Actuarial-consistency and two-step actuarial valuations: a new paradigm to insurance valuation," Working Papers hal-03327710, HAL.
    3. Karim Barigou & Daniel Linders & Fan Yang, 2021. "Actuarial-consistency and two-step actuarial valuations: a new paradigm to insurance valuation," Papers 2109.13796, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    4. Philippe Artzner & Karl‐Theodor Eisele & Thorsten Schmidt, 2024. "Insurance–finance arbitrage," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 739-773, July.
    5. Karim Barigou & Valeria Bignozzi & Andreas Tsanakas, 2021. "Insurance valuation: A two-step generalised regression approach," Working Papers hal-03043244, HAL.
    6. Hansjörg Albrecher & Karl‐Theodor Eisele & Mogens Steffensen & Mario V. Wüthrich, 2022. "On the cost‐of‐capital rate under incomplete market valuation," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 89(4), pages 1139-1158, December.
    7. Motte, Edouard & Hainaut, Donatien, 2025. "Efficient hedging of life insurance portfolio for loss-averse insurers," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    8. Karim Barigou & Valeria Bignozzi & Andreas Tsanakas, 2020. "Insurance valuation: A two-step generalised regression approach," Papers 2012.04364, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    9. Chen, Ze & Feng, Runhuan & Li, Hong & Yang, Tianyu, 2024. "Coping with longevity via hedging: Fair dynamic valuation of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 154-169.
    10. Engsner, Hampus & Lindskog, Filip & Thøgersen, Julie, 2023. "Multiple-prior valuation of cash flows subject to capital requirements," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 41-56.
    11. Tahir Choulli & Catherine Daveloose & Michèle Vanmaele, 2021. "Mortality/Longevity Risk-Minimization with or without Securitization," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-27, July.
    12. Karim Barigou & Daniël Linders & Fan Yang, 2022. "Actuarial-consistency and two-step actuarial valuations: a new paradigm to insurance valuation," Post-Print hal-03327710, HAL.
    13. Delong, Łukasz & Dhaene, Jan & Barigou, Karim, 2019. "Fair valuation of insurance liability cash-flow streams in continuous time: Theory," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 196-208.
    14. Karim Barigou & Lukasz Delong, 2020. "Pricing equity-linked life insurance contracts with multiple risk factors by neural networks," Papers 2007.08804, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    15. Hampus Engsner & Filip Lindskog & Julie Thoegersen, 2021. "Multiple-prior valuation of cash flows subject to capital requirements," Papers 2109.00306, arXiv.org.
    16. Motte, Edouard & Hainaut, Donatien, 2024. "Efficient hedging of life insurance portfolio for loss-averse insurers," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2024013, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    17. Chen, Ze & Chen, Bingzheng & Dhaene, Jan & Yang, Tianyu, 2021. "Fair dynamic valuation of insurance liabilities via convex hedging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 1-13.
    18. Karim Barigou & Lukasz Delong, 2021. "Pricing equity-linked life insurance contracts with multiple risk factors by neural networks," Working Papers hal-02896141, HAL.
    19. Dhaene, Jan & Stassen, Ben & Barigou, Karim & Linders, Daniël & Chen, Ze, 2017. "Fair valuation of insurance liabilities: Merging actuarial judgement and market-consistency," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 14-27.
    20. Bellini, Fabio & Koch-Medina, Pablo & Munari, Cosimo & Svindland, Gregor, 2021. "Law-invariant functionals that collapse to the mean," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 83-91.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:aiz:louvad:2025018. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Nadja Peiffer (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/isuclbe.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.