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Die Binnenwanderung von Arbeitskräften in Deutschland: Eine deskriptive Analyse für ländliche Räume auf Basis der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des IAB

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  • Meister, Moritz
  • Stiller, Johannes
  • Peters, Jan Cornelius
  • Birkeneder, Antonia

Abstract

This working paper stems from the joint research project “The spatial mobility of workers throughout individual working lives - Analyses for rural areas in Germany" by the Thünen Institute of Rural Studies and the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The project receives funding from the Federal Rural Development Scheme (BULE). Our analyses are based on data from the IAB’s integrated employment biographies (IEB), which provide information on places of residence and individual characteristics of more than 90 percent of Germany’s labor force. Our analyses show, that migration balances of rural regions are not per se negative, but are characterized by a marked heterogeneity and results of the migration balance between rural and non-rural areas fluctuate during the period of observation. Regional migration balances also differ by the observed groups of individuals. Migration flows of employees with mandatory social security show significant patterns of suburbanisation that result in a net flow into rural regions between 2014 and 2017. Rural areas surrounding large cities particularly benefit from these patterns. Net losses in rural areas are observed for the younger part of the labor force and the unemployed. Migration balances of some very rural areas with less favorable socio-economic conditions hint to disadvantegeous demographic developments. This is particularly true for regions of this type in eastern Germany. Considering the entire labor force, we observe negative migration balances for two thirds of very rural western German regions as well. Most rural areas in the vicinity of larger agglomerations record positiv balances. The observed migration flows affect the spatial structure within regions of different types in distinct ways. Regions with below average employment growth exhibit increasing spatial concentration of workers’ places of residence through their intraregional migration flows. On the other hand, rural areas near large agglomerations exhibit increasing dispersion of workers’ places of residence through intra-regional mobility.

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  • Meister, Moritz & Stiller, Johannes & Peters, Jan Cornelius & Birkeneder, Antonia, 2019. "Die Binnenwanderung von Arbeitskräften in Deutschland: Eine deskriptive Analyse für ländliche Räume auf Basis der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des IAB," Thünen Working Paper 298448, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:jhimwp:298448
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.298448
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    1. Buch, Tanja & Hamann, Silke & Meier, Henning & Niebuhr, Annekatrin & Peters, Cornelius & Puckelwald, Johannes, 2011. "Analyse der Berücksichtigung eines Wanderungsindikators im Rahmen der Abgrenzung des GRW-Fördergebiets : Gutachten für die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe "Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur&qu," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201104, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    4. Timo Mitze, 2012. "Testing the Neoclassical Migration Model: Overall and Age-Group Specific Results for German Regions," Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, in: Empirical Modelling in Regional Science, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 53-82, Springer.
    5. Mitze, Timo & Reinkowski, Janina, 2011. "Testing the neoclassical migration model: overall and age-group specific results for German regions," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 43(4), pages 277-297.
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    7. De la Roca, Jorge, 2017. "Selection in initial and return migration: Evidence from moves across Spanish cities," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 33-53.
    8. Schmucker, Alexandra & Eberle, Johanna & Ganzer, Andreas & Stegmaier, Jens & Umkehrer, Matthias, 2018. "Betriebs-Historik-Panel 1975-2016 (Establishment History Panel 1975-2016)," FDZ Datenreport. Documentation on Labour Market Data 201801_de, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    10. Ganzer, Andreas & Schmucker, Alexandra & Vom Berge, Philipp & Wurdack, Anja, 2017. "Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile 1975-2014 : (SIAB-R 7514)," FDZ Datenreport. Documentation on Labour Market Data 201701_de, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    12. Ganzer, Andreas & Schmucker, Alexandra & vom Berge, Philipp & Wurdack, Anja, 2017. "Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile 1975 - 2014 : (SIAB-R 7514)," FDZ Datenreport. Documentation on Labour Market Data 201701, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    14. Meister, Moritz & Niebuhr, Annekatrin & Peters, Jan Cornelius & Reutter, Philipp & Stiller, Johannes, 2019. "Die wirtschaftliche Spezialisierung ländlicher Räume," Thünen Working Paper 298447, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moritz Meister & Jan Cornelius Peters & Anja Rossen, 2024. "Welcome back! The impact of ‘return initiatives’ on return migration to rural regions," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 24(5), pages 759-784.
    2. Buch Tanja & Fuchs Michaela & Helm Janina & Niebuhr Annekatrin & Peters Jan Cornelius & Sieglen Georg, 2024. "Zunehmende Fachkräfteengpässe – Warum sind ländliche Räume besonders betroffen?," Wirtschaftsdienst, Sciendo, vol. 104(5), pages 323-328, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital;

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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