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Auswirkungen regionaler Freihandelsabkommen auf deutsche und europäische Agrarmärkte

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  • Pelikan, Janine
  • Banse, Martin

Abstract

Das vorliegende Thünen Working Paper basiert auf einer Anfrage des BMEL, Referat 621, an das Thünen-Institut für Marktanalyse bzgl. einer Analyse möglicher Auswirken der derzeit in der EU diskutierten Freihandelsabkommen mit den USA und Japan. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung, die mit dem allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodell MAGNET durchgeführt wurde, liegt auf der Folgenabschätzung des Abbaus der tarifären Protektion auf die europäischen und deutschen Agrarmärkte. Neben den direkten Wirkungen eines Freihandelsabkommens zwischen der EU und den USA bzw. der EU und Japan, werden in diesem Papier auch die möglichen (indirekten) Folgen eines Trans-Pazifischen Partnerschaftsabkommens (TPP) auf die deutschen und europäischen Agrarmärkte untersucht. Gegenwärtig unterliegt der Handel primärer Agrarprodukte aber auch verarbeiteter Nahrungsmittel zwischen der EU und den USA bzw. Japan einer besonders hohen Zollprotektion. Demgegenüber fallen die Zölle auf Einfuhren von Industrieprodukten mit 1% bis 4% relativ gering aus. Auffällig hohe Zölle erhebt Japan auf Einfuhren für verarbeitete Nahrungsmittel (z.B. Zucker und Milchprodukte), die aus der EU kommen. Mit Blick auf die gegenwärtige Protektion innerhalb der TPP-Ländergruppe ist auffällig, dass im Vergleich zu den Agrarzöllen der EU, der USA oder Japans die Zölle der TPP-Länder sowohl untereinander als auch gegenüber dem Rest der Welt relativ niedrig sind. Ein Freihandelsabkommen mit den USA hat relativ geringe Auswirkungen auf europäische und speziell deutsche Agrarmärkte insgesamt. Eine Liberalisierung betrifft besonders Weizen und anderes Getreide. Dies verwundert zunächst, da die EU gerade im Getreidesektor in vielen Studien als international wettbewerbsfähig eingestuft wird. Allerdings hat die USA derzeit im Getreidebereich einen extrem niedrigen Außenschutz und wird als sehr wettbewerbsfähig beschrieben. Während sich von den regionalen Freihandelsabkommen der EU mit den USA oder Japan messbare Effekte auf europäische Agrarmärkte ableiten lassen, fallen die möglichen (indirekten)Folgen eines Trans-Pazifischen Freihandelsabkommens nur sehr gering aus.-----------------------------------------Summary This Thünen Working Paper is based on a request from the BMEL to analyze the impacts of the currently discussed Free Trade Agreements (FTA) between the EU and the US and between the EU and Japan, respectively. The focus of the quantitative analysis, which is based on findings from the General Equilibrium Model MAGNET, lies in an impact assessment concerning the implications of reduced tariff protection rates for European and German agricultural markets. In addition to the direct effects of an FTA between the EU and the US and between the EU and Japan, respectively, the paper also analyzes possible (indirect) effects of a Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) on German and European agricultural markets. Currently, trade in agricultural and processed food products between the EU and the US and the EU and Japan, respectively, is subject to a particularly high tariff protection. By contrast, tariff rates on manufactured commodities are only 1-4%. Especially Japan imposes high tariffs on imports of processed foods (e.g. sugar and dairy products) from the EU. Compared to the current level of import tariffs imposed by the EU, US and Japan, current protection is relatively low within the TPP group of countries and in relation to the rest of the world. A Free Trade Agreement with the United States has relatively little impact on European and especially German agricultural markets in total. Trade liberalization particularly affects the markets for wheat and other cereals. This might be a surprising result at first, since the cereal sector in the EU is currently described as being internationally competitive. However, the US grain sector with a currently extremely low external protection rate is even more competitive on international markets. While regional Free Trade Agreements between the EU and the US and between the EU and Japan, respectively, create measurable effects for European agricultural markets, the potential (indirect) effects of a Trans-Pacific Trade Agreement (TPP) can be described as only marginal.

Suggested Citation

  • Pelikan, Janine & Banse, Martin, 2014. "Auswirkungen regionaler Freihandelsabkommen auf deutsche und europäische Agrarmärkte," Thünen Working Paper 169290, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:jhimwp:169290
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.169290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pelikan, Janine & Brockmeier, Martina, 2008. "Im Dschungel der Importzölle – Die Bedeutung der verwendeten Methodik bei der Aggregation von Importzöllen," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 57(02), pages 1-11.
    2. Pelikan, Janine & Brockmeier, Martina, 2008. "Methods to Aggregate Import Tariffs and their Impacts on Modeling Results," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 23, pages 685-708.
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