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Factors Determining R&D and Innovation Expenditure in German Manufacturing Industries

In: Determinants of Innovation

Author

Listed:
  • Johannes Felder
  • Georg Licht
  • Eric Nerlinger
  • Harald Stahl

Abstract

In the mid-1980s, Kamien and Schwarz (1985) concluded in their famous survey on innovation and market structure that the bulk of the empirical literature exhibits a U-shaped relationship between innovation activity on one side and market structure as well as firm size on the other. Later Cohen, Levin and Mowery (1987) argued that these correlations vanish if one controls for inter-industry differences in technological opportunity and appropriability. As it is obvious from the papers by Acs and Audretsch (1987) and Pavitt, Robson and Townsend (1987), small firms contribute — at least in some sectors of the manufacturing sector — more than bigger firms to the commercialization of new products than is indicated by their share in national R&D expenditure records in traditional R&D statistics. Based on the Dutch innovation survey in 1984, Kleinknecht (1989) found the largest R&D intensities in small firms. Moreover, standard R&D statistics are affected by a severe undercounting of R&D in small firms (see, for example, Kleinknecht, Poot and Reijnen, 1991).

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Felder & Georg Licht & Eric Nerlinger & Harald Stahl, 1996. "Factors Determining R&D and Innovation Expenditure in German Manufacturing Industries," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Alfred Kleinknecht (ed.), Determinants of Innovation, chapter 5, pages 125-154, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-13917-0_5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-13917-0_5
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Brouwer, Erik & Kleinknecht, Alfred, 1997. "Measuring the unmeasurable: a country's non-R&D expenditure on product and service innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(8), pages 1235-1242, January.
    2. Wolfgang Becker & Juergen Peters, 2000. "Technological Opportunities, Absorptive Capacities, and Innovation," Discussion Paper Series 195, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics.
    3. Nabila Arfaoui, 2014. "Eco-innovation and Regulatory Push/Pull Effect in the Case of REACH Regulation: Empirical Evidence from Survey Data," GREDEG Working Papers 2014-19, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, revised Dec 2015.
    4. Sandra M. Leitner & Robert Stehrer, 2016. "R&D and Non-R&D Innovators During the Global Financial Crisis: The Role of Binding Credit Constraints," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 53(1), pages 1-38, December.
    5. Becker Wolfgang & Peters Jürgen, 2005. "Innovation Effects of Science-Related Technological Opportunities / Innovationseffekte von technologischen Möglichkeiten aus dem Wissenschaftsbereich: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Findings," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 225(2), pages 130-150, April.
    6. Stephen Roper, 2001. "Benchmarking Regional Innovation: A Comparison of Bavaria, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland," ERSA conference papers ersa01p39, European Regional Science Association.
    7. Becker, Wolfgang & Dietz, Jurgen, 2004. "R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms--evidence for the German manufacturing industry," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 209-223, March.
    8. Wolfgang Becker, 2003. "Evaluation of the Role of Universities in the Innovation Process," Discussion Paper Series 241, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics.

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