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How Can Expertise be Defined? Implications of Research from Cognitive Psychology

In: Exploring Expertise

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  • Robert R. Hoffman

Abstract

In Cognitive Psychology, the experimental study of expertise involves applying concepts and methods from a number of areas: problem-solving, learning, and ergonomics, to name just a few. The study of expertise provides a focus for basic research on many phenomena of cognition, such as memory limitations and reasoning biases. It also provides a focus for discussion of issues in cognitive theory, such as those involving knowledge representation. The psychological study of expertise has been invigorated in recent years by the advent of expert systems, but studies of expertise can be found even in the earliest psychological research. Furthermore, a great deal of the research in the tradition of judgment and decisionmaking can be regarded, in hindsight, as studies of expertise (e.g., linear decision models of the reasoning of economists). Clearly, the literature of psychological studies of expertise is vast.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert R. Hoffman, 1998. "How Can Expertise be Defined? Implications of Research from Cognitive Psychology," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Robin Williams & Wendy Faulkner & James Fleck (ed.), Exploring Expertise, chapter 4, pages 81-100, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-13693-3_4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-13693-3_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Severin Oesterle & Arne Buchwald & Nils Urbach, 2022. "Investigating the co-creation of IT consulting service value: empirical findings of a matched pair analysis," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(2), pages 571-597, June.
    2. P Keys, 2006. "On becoming expert in the use of problem structuring methods," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 57(7), pages 822-829, July.
    3. R J Ormerod, 2008. "The transformation competence perspective," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 59(11), pages 1435-1448, November.
    4. Bridget K Behe & Patricia T Huddleston & Kevin L Childs & Jiaoping Chen & Iago S Muraro, 2020. "Seeing through the forest: The gaze path to purchase," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, October.
    5. Britta Herbig & Andreas Glöckner, 2009. "Experts and Decision Making: First Steps Towards a Unifying Theory of Decision Making in Novices, Intermediates and Experts," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods 2009_02, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods.
    6. Mauksch, Stefanie & von der Gracht, Heiko A. & Gordon, Theodore J., 2020. "Who is an expert for foresight? A review of identification methods," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).

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