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Religion as a tool for authoritarian legitimation: The case of Bangladesh

Author

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  • Ali Riaz

Abstract

In recent decades, the relationships between religion and politics, particularly between religion and the state, have been widely discussed, yet relationships between authoritarian rulers and religion have not received their due attention. This fourth article in the 2024 World Affairs special issue addresses this lacuna and argues against the conventional wisdom that these two entities are always hostile to each other. The study contends that authoritarian rulers have used three strategies vis‐à‐vis religion as an ideology and religious actors as a political force. Autocrats have adopted repression and cooptation strategies to deal with religious actors and utilized religion as a tool of legitimation. The article offers a case study of Bangladesh which has witnessed the growing salience of religion in politics since 1976, although its 1972 constitution pledged secularism as a state principle. The article examines the strategies used during three phases of military and civilian authoritarianism—1976–1981, 1982–1990, and since 2011—and discusses the relationship between the authoritarian rulers and religion. 近几十年来,宗教与政治(特别是宗教与国家)的关系被广泛讨论,但威权统治者与宗教的关系却没有得到应有的重视。2024年《世界事务》特刊的第四篇文章探讨了这一研究空白,并反驳了一个传统观点,即这两个实体始终是相互敌对的。本研究认为,威权统治者对“作为意识形态的宗教和作为政治力量的宗教行动者”使用了三种策略。独裁者采取镇压和拉拢策略来对付宗教行动者,并将宗教作为合法化的工具。本文对孟加拉国进行了案例研究,尽管该国在1972年颁布的宪法承诺将世俗主义作为一项国家原则,但自1976年以来,宗教在该国政治中的地位日益突出。本文分析了军事威权主义和平民威权主义的三个阶段(1976‐1981年、1982‐1990年、2011年至今)所采用的策略,并探讨了威权统治者与宗教之间的关系。 En las últimas décadas, las relaciones entre religión y política, particularmente entre religión y Estado, han sido ampliamente discutidas, pero las relaciones entre gobernantes autoritarios y religión no han recibido la debida atención. Este cuarto artículo del número especial de World Affairs 2024 aborda esta laguna y argumenta en contra de la sabiduría convencional de que estas dos entidades siempre son hostiles entre sí. El estudio sostiene que los gobernantes autoritarios han utilizado tres estrategias frente a la religión como ideología y los actores religiosos como fuerza política. Los autócratas han adoptado estrategias de represión y cooptación para tratar con actores religiosos y han utilizado la religión como herramienta de legitimación. El artículo ofrece un estudio de caso de Bangladesh, que ha sido testigo de la creciente prominencia de la religión en la política desde 1976, aunque su constitución de 1972 prometía el secularismo como principio estatal. El artículo examina las estrategias utilizadas durante tres fases del autoritarismo militar y civil (1976‐1981, 1982‐1990 y desde 2011) y analiza la relación entre los gobernantes autoritarios y la religión.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Riaz, 2024. "Religion as a tool for authoritarian legitimation: The case of Bangladesh," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(2), pages 172-186, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:2:p:172-186
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shafi Md. Mostofa & DB Subedi & Howard Brasted, 2024. "Introduction to the special issue: Authoritarianism and religion in South Asia: Trends and twists," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(2), pages 130-136, May.

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