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Assessing Social Sustainability Efficiency in European Countries: Focusing on Health and Well‐Being

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  • Hsiu‐Fang Chien
  • Liang‐Chun Lu
  • Shih‐Yung Chiu
  • Tai‐Yu Lin
  • Yung‐Ho Chiu

Abstract

This study investigates the challenges of achieving social sustainability efficiency in European countries, especially in health and well‐being, under sustainable development goal 3 amid demographic aging pressures. Using an innovative modified circular dynamic three‐stage systematic network data envelopment analysis model, this research evaluates the influence of social protection investments on healthcare and well‐being systems. The findings reveal that Denmark, Estonia, France, and Germany demonstrate optimal efficiency, while Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Slovenia require strategic improvements, particularly in healthcare efficiency. Policy recommendations underscore the need for enhanced healthcare technology, occupational safety, and adaptive strategies to support social sustainability across 24 countries from 2016 to 2020. This approach offers a comprehensive efficiency framework and actionable insights to guide future policy development to address European healthcare efficiency gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsiu‐Fang Chien & Liang‐Chun Lu & Shih‐Yung Chiu & Tai‐Yu Lin & Yung‐Ho Chiu, 2025. "Assessing Social Sustainability Efficiency in European Countries: Focusing on Health and Well‐Being," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 3283-3302, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:sustdv:v:33:y:2025:i:3:p:3283-3302
    DOI: 10.1002/sd.3295
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ji-Yeun Rim & Caroline Tassot, 2019. "Towards universal social protection: Lessons from the universal health coverage initiative," OECD Development Policy Papers 20, OECD Publishing.
    2. Jiaoling Huang & Li Yuan & Hong Liang, 2020. "Which Matters for Medical Utilization Equity under Universal Coverage: Insurance System, Region or SES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Bedasa Taye Merga & Bikila Balis & Habtamu Bekele & Gelana Fekadu, 2022. "Health insurance coverage in Ethiopia: financial protection in the Era of sustainable development goals (SDGs)," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Latha Thimmappa & Ashrita Saran & Sonia R. B. D'Souza & Binil V., 2021. "PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of social protection interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), September.
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