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Firms with Inconsistently Signed Earnings Surprises: Do Potential Investors Use a Counting Heuristic?

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  • Lisa Koonce
  • Marlys Gascho Lipe

Abstract

Although prior research reports that firms that consistently beat their earnings expectations are rewarded with a market†valuation premium, most firms are inconsistent in the sign of their benchmark performance, sometimes missing and sometimes beating. In this paper, we report the results of multiple experiments to test the idea that potential investors, evaluating firms that have inconsistent benchmark performance, use a counting heuristic to discriminate among them. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that these investors distinguish among firms by counting the number of beats and misses they experience over an observed time interval. The judgmental effect of this beat†frequency is incremental to the effect of the magnitude of the beats and misses of the benchmark. Our study has implications for firm managers who have inconsistent benchmark performance, suggesting that market participants do make systematic discriminations among such inconsistent firms. It also has implications for researchers by introducing a new theoretical construct to the literature—namely, the counting heuristic.S'il est vrai, comme l'indiquent les études antérieures, que les sociétés qui dépassent régulièrement leurs attentes de résultat bénéficient d'une surcote sur le marché, la performance de la plupart des sociétés est erratique, c'est†à †dire tantôt inférieure, tantôt supérieure aux indicateurs de référence. Les auteures rendent compte des résultats de plusieurs expériences destinées à vérifier l'idée suivant laquelle les investisseurs potentiels, dans l'évaluation des sociétés qui présentent une performance erratique par rapport à l'indicateur de référence, utilisent une méthode heuristique de décompte. Les résultats qu'elles obtiennent confirment de façon convaincante l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces investisseurs discriminent les sociétés en procédant au décompte de leurs résultats supérieurs et inférieurs aux indicateurs de référence, au cours d'un intervalle de temps donné. L'effet subjectif de cette fréquence des résultats supérieurs aux indicateurs de référence s'ajoute à celui de l'ampleur des écarts positifs et négatifs par rapport à ces indicateurs. L'étude a des conséquences pour les gestionnaires de sociétés dont la performance est erratique par rapport aux indicateurs de référence et donne à penser que les participants au marché discriminent bel et bien ces sociétés de façon systématique. L'étude a également des répercussions pour les chercheurs en faisant intervenir un nouveau concept théorique : l'heuristique de décompte.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa Koonce & Marlys Gascho Lipe, 2017. "Firms with Inconsistently Signed Earnings Surprises: Do Potential Investors Use a Counting Heuristic?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 292-313, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:292-313
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12235
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    Cited by:

    1. Cade, Nicole L., 2018. "Corporate social media: How two-way disclosure channels influence investors," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 68, pages 63-79.
    2. Emett, Scott A. & Libby, Robert & Nelson, Mark W., 2018. "PCAOB guidance and audits of fair values for Level 2 investments," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 57-72.
    3. Weber, Martin & Mueller-Dethard, Jan, 2020. "The Portfolio Composition Effect," CEPR Discussion Papers 15012, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Nicole L. Cade & Lisa Koonce & Kim I. Mendoza, 2020. "Using video to disclose forward-looking information: the effect of nonverbal cues on investors’ judgments," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 1444-1474, December.
    5. Martin, Rachel, 2019. "Examination and implications of experimental research on investor perceptions," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 145-169.

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