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Farm settlement with imperfect capital markets: a life‐cycle application to Upper Canada, 1826–1851

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  • Frank D. Lewis

Abstract

Farm settlement, where borrowing is constrained, is addressed with a life‐cycle model. Because a pioneer farm must be cleared before becoming productive, the settler first accumulates in order to purchase supplies and maintain consumption during the initial years. Implications of the model are explored using data from Upper Canada, 1826–1851: age at settlement is delayed. Settlers eventually receive higher incomes than those who do not settle; rising life expectancy contributes to settlement; an immediate income is a prerequisite to settlement. Such findings conform to the experience of Upper Canada and other pioneer areas and may also illuminate aspects of migration. JEL classification: N31, J61 Colonisation agricole quand les marchés du capital sont imparfaits:une application du modèle du cycle de vie au Haut‐Canada, 1826–51. L'auteur examine le processus de colonisation agricole quand il y a contraintes sur les emprunts à l'aide d'un modèle de cycle de vie. Parce qu'un pionnier doit d'abord défricher avant que la ferme ne soit productive, le colon doit avoir préalablement accumulé un certain pécule afin de pouvoir acheter le matériel nécessaire et maintenir sa consommation durant les premières années de colonisation. On analyse les implications de ce modèle en utilisant les données pour le Haut Canada de 1826 à1851. Entre autres résultats, on note que l'âge où l'on s'installe est reporté; que ceux qui colonisent éventuellement reçoivent des revenus beaucoup plus élevés que ceux qui ne le font pas; que la croissance de l'espérance de vie tend à encourager la colonisation; et qu'une source immédiate de revenus est un prérequis à la colonisation. Ces résultats et certains autres sont conformes à ce que l'on observe dans le Haut Canada et dans les autres zones de colonisation, et il peuvent jeter un peu de lumière sur certains aspects du processus de migration.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank D. Lewis, 2001. "Farm settlement with imperfect capital markets: a life‐cycle application to Upper Canada, 1826–1851," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 174-195, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:34:y:2001:i:1:p:174-195
    DOI: 10.1111/0008-4085.00069
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    1. repec:jpe:journl:1495 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Alex Armstrong & Frank D. Lewis, 2012. "International migration with capital constraints: interpreting migration from the Netherlands to Canada in the 1920s," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 45(2), pages 732-754, May.
    3. Vincent Geloso & Louis Rouanet, 2024. "Can geography explain Quebec's historical poverty?," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 90(3), pages 741-768, January.
    4. Armstrong, Alexander & Lewis, Frank, 2009. "Capital Constraints and European Migration to Canada: Evidence from the 1920s Passenger Lists," Queen's Economics Department Working Papers 273726, Queen's University - Department of Economics.
    5. Geloso, Vincent & Kufenko, Vadim & Arsenault-Morin, Alex P., 2023. "The lesser shades of labor coercion: The impact of seigneurial tenure in nineteenth-century Quebec," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    6. Geloso, Vincent J. & Salter, Alexander W., 2020. "State capacity and economic development: Causal mechanism or correlative filter?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 372-385.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • N31 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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