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The Market Pricing of Implicit Options in Merger Collars

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  • Micah S. Officer

    (Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California)

Abstract

Almost 20% of stock-swap merger bids contain collars that affect the payment received by target shareholders. I argue that a collar bid offers two sources of value to target shareholders: the basic offer premium and the value of the implicit collar options. Hypothesizing that the market should price both sources of value implicit in a collar merger bid, I value the implicit collar options and find the market prices both the offer premium and option value equally. This suggests that market participants are cognizant of the "fine print" of merger agreements and, in particular, implies that the two offer components are substitutable.

Suggested Citation

  • Micah S. Officer, 2006. "The Market Pricing of Implicit Options in Merger Collars," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 79(1), pages 115-136, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:79:y:2006:i:1:p:115-136
    DOI: 10.1086/497407
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    Cited by:

    1. Utz Weitzel & Gerhard Kling, 2018. "Sold Below Value? Why Takeover Offers Can Have Negative Premiums," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 47(2), pages 421-450, June.
    2. Gianluca Fusai & Ioannis Kyriakou, 2016. "General Optimized Lower and Upper Bounds for Discrete and Continuous Arithmetic Asian Options," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 41(2), pages 531-559, May.
    3. Weitzel, Utz & Kling, Gerhard, 2012. "Sold below value? Why some targets accept very low and even negative takeover premiums," MPRA Paper 42832, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Chen, Sheng-Syan & Chou, Robin K. & Lee, Yun-Chi, 2011. "Bidders' strategic timing of acquisition announcements and the effects of payment method on target returns and competing bids," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 2231-2244, September.
    5. Sridhar Gogineni & John Puthenpurackal, 2021. "Why do takeover targets protect acquirers? Evidence from force‐the‐vote provisions," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 50(3), pages 805-843, September.
    6. Liu, Tingting & Wu, Juan (Julie), 2014. "Merger arbitrage short selling and price pressure," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 36-54.
    7. Eckbo, B. Espen, 2009. "Bidding strategies and takeover premiums: A review," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 149-178, February.
    8. Corsaro, Stefania & Kyriakou, Ioannis & Marazzina, Daniele & Marino, Zelda, 2019. "A general framework for pricing Asian options under stochastic volatility on parallel architectures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 272(3), pages 1082-1095.

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