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Where Change Happens: Community‐Level Phenomena in Social Entrepreneurship Research

Author

Listed:
  • G. T. Lumpkin
  • Sophie Bacq
  • Robert J. Pidduck

Abstract

Social entrepreneurship (SE) research has advanced understanding of the dynamics and processes underlying positive social change. Yet only scant attention has been paid to where that change happens. We suggest that a community level of analysis is essential for understanding the extra‐organizational settings implied by the “social” in “social entrepreneurship.” We adopt a UNESCO‐inspired community typology including geographical communities, communities of interest or solidarity, communities of identity, and intentional communities as an organizing framework. Relying on a wealth creation perspective, we evaluate the social change that takes place by assessing four different types of capital created within communities—physical capital, financial capital, human capital, and social capital. Based on a review of 57 peer‐reviewed journals and 8 leading case study outlets, we find that examples of all four community types and all four capital types are evident in the SE literature. We discuss the implications of the community as a locus of SE activity and capital as an indicator of social impact in future research.

Suggested Citation

  • G. T. Lumpkin & Sophie Bacq & Robert J. Pidduck, 2018. "Where Change Happens: Community‐Level Phenomena in Social Entrepreneurship Research," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(1), pages 24-50, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ujbmxx:v:56:y:2018:i:1:p:24-50
    DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12379
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sophie Bacq & Frank Janssen & Anne-Sophie Sabbatucci & Amélie Wuillaume, 2026. "The dark side of doing good: a guiding framework for advancing research on the negative outcomes of social entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 647-674, February.
    2. José A Puppim de Oliveira & Umesh Mukhi & Camilla Quental & Paulo Jordão de Oliveira Cerqueira Fortes, 2022. "Connecting businesses and biodiversity conservation through community organizing: The case of babassu breaker women in Brazil," Post-Print hal-05551972, HAL.
    3. Chenhan Jiang & Rui Huang & Shengyu Huang & Tao Shen, 2024. "Unveiling Sustainable Co-Creation Patterns in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of Shanghai’s High-Density Urban Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Pradeep Kumar Hota, 2023. "Tracing the Intellectual Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Advances, Current Trends, and Future Directions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 637-659, January.
    5. Pham Quang Huy & Vu Kien Phuc, 2026. "Digital twin fosters social entrepreneurship for smart sustainable infrastructure: mediating role of environmental management accounting practices," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-29, January.
    6. Ute Stephan & Lorraine M. Uhlaner & Christopher Stride, 2026. "Institutions and social entrepreneurship: a hierarchy of institutions to revisit institutional voids, support, and configurations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 57(1), pages 4-25, February.
    7. Hota, Pradeep Kumar & Bhatt, Babita & Qureshi, Israr, 2023. "Institutional work to navigate ethical dilemmas: Evidence from a social enterprise," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(1).
    8. Ryan C. Bailey & G. T. Lumpkin, 2023. "Enacting Positive Social Change: A Civic Wealth Creation Stakeholder Engagement Framework," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(1), pages 66-90, January.
    9. Rugina, Sanita & Klyver, Kim, 2025. "War and entrepreneurship: Why (“on earth”) do people start businesses in wartime?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    10. Markos Belayhun Dessie, 2025. "Factors Determining Entrepreneurial Passion of Micro and Small Enterprises at the Municipal Level: The Case of Dire Dawa City in Ethiopia," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 24(1), pages 257-286.
    11. Giorgia Scartozzi & Silvia Delladio & Francesco Rosati & Argyro Iro Nikiforou & Andrea Caputo, 2025. "The social and environmental impact of entrepreneurship: a review and future research agenda," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1041-1072, April.
    12. Shepherd, Dean A. & Seyb, Stella & Williams, Trenton A., 2023. "Empathy-driven entrepreneurial action: Well-being outcomes for entrepreneurs and target beneficiaries," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(2).
    13. Amyn Vogel & Monica Nadegger & Barbara Wolf & Jelena Spanjol & Ali Aslan Gümüşay & Laura Marie Edinger-Schons & Christine Volkmann & Kristin Krebs & Julian Bafera & Larissa Gebken & Paul Vilchez & Fel, 2025. "Impact Entrepreneurship: Reimagining Entrepreneurial Purpose and Research for Driving Societal Impact," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 77(4), pages 681-717, December.
    14. Madhuwanthi Premadasa & Janaka Siyambalapitiya & Kumudu Jayawardhana & Imali Fernando, 2023. "Conceptualizing the Role of Social Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Triple Bottom Line in the Social Enterprise Context: Developing Country Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, May.

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