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Korea's Public Sector Relocation: Is It a Viable Option for Balanced National Development?

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  • Myung-Jin Jun

Abstract

Jun M.-J. (2007) Korea's public sector relocation: is it a viable option for balanced national development?, Regional Studies 41, 65-74. An empirical model combining economic, demographic, and migration models was built in order to analyse the effectiveness of public sector relocation plans for balanced national development. Five different relocation scenarios were tested. The major findings were as follows. First, relocating about 40 000 public sector jobs from the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) to non-SMR regions (scenarios 2-5) is not sufficient to reverse the SMR population concentration trend by 2030. Second, relocating central governmental functions (9992 employees) to the Chungnam region has little impact on mitigating SMR population concentration and on attaining balanced national development. Third, the relocation plan proposed by the Korean government, which is scenario 2, alleviates the population concentration by decreasing the SMR population by 5.4%, but many non-capital regions lose their population because the numbers of public sector employees assigned to the non-SMR regions are not large enough to attract people to those regions. Fourth, and most importantly, relocating private firms with high inter-industry linkages is a better policy option for increasing the population in non-capital regions, and hence attaining balanced national growth, rather than moving public sectors. Jun M.-J. (2007) Le deplacement du secteur public coreen: est-ce un choix viable de developpement national equilibre?, Regional Studies 41, 65-74. On construit un modele empirique qui combine des modeles economico demographiques et des flux migratoires afin d'analyser l'efficacite des plans visant le deplacement du secteur public quant au developpement national equilibre. On teste cinq prospectives. Les principaux resultats en sont les suivants. Primo, le deplacement de quelque 40 000 agents publics en provenance de la Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR - l'agglomeration de Seoul) a destination des regions hors de la SMR (prospectives 2 a 5) ne suffit pas pour renverser la tendance a la concentration de la population dans la SMR d'ici 2030. Secundo, le deplacement des competences fondamentales du gouvernement (9992 agents) a la region de Chungnam a peu d'impact sur la reduction de la concentration de la population dans la SMR et sur l'equilibrage du developpement national. Tertio, le plan de deplacement propose par le gouvernement coreen, a savoir prospective 2, attenue la concentration de la population en reduisant la population de la SMR de 5,4%, mais beaucoup des regions situees en dehors de la capitale perdent de leur population parce que le nombre des agents publics transferes aux regions hors de la SMR ne suffit pas pour y attirer de la population. Quarto, et ce qui est bien important, le deplacement des entreprises privees dont les liens interindustriels sont de premier rang, plutot que de deplacer le secteur public, s'avere une meilleure possibilite pour augmenter la population des zones hors de la capitale et, par la suite, reussir une croissance nationale equilibree. Deplacement du secteur public Modele des echanges interindustriels Modele economico-demographique Jun M.-J. (2007) Umsiedelung des offentlichen Sektors in Korea: eine gangbare Option fur ausgeglichene Landesentwicklung?, Regional Studies 41, 65-74. Wir errichteten ein empirisches Modell, in dem okonomische, demografische und Migrationsmodelle miteinander kombiniert wurden, um zu analysieren, wie sich Plane zur Umsiedelung des offentlichen Sektors auf eine ausgeglichene Landesentwicklung auswirken. Erprobt wurden funf verschiedene Szenarien zur Umsiedelung. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse waren die folgenden: Erstens reicht die Umsiedelung von etwa 40.000 Arbeitsplatzen des offentlichen Sektors von der Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) in andere Regionen (Szenarien 2-5) nicht aus, um den Trend der Bevolkerungskonzentration in der SMR bis 2030 umzukehren. Zweitens ist eine Umsiedelung zentraler Regierungsfunktionen (9992 Arbeitsplatze) in die Region Chungnam ein wenig wirksames Mittel zur Abschwachung der Bevolkerungskonzentration in der SMR und zur Erzielung einer ausgeglichenen Landesentwicklung. Drittens schwacht sich die Bevolkerungskonzentration in der SMR durch den von der koreanischen Regierung vorgeschlagenen Umsiedelungsplan (das Szenario 2) zwar um 5,4% ab, doch gleichzeitig verlieren viele Regionen ausserhalb der Hauptstadt an Bevolkerung, weil nicht genug Angestellte des offentlichen Sektors in die Regionen ausserhalb der SMR geschickt werden, um Menschen in diese Regionen zu locken. Viertens - der wichtigste Aspekt - ist statt der Verlagerung des offentlichen Sektors die Umsiedelung von Privatfirmen mit ausgepragten Verknupfungen zwischen verschiedenen Branchen eine bessere Moglichkeit der Politik zur Erhohung der Bevolkerungsdichte in Regionen ausserhalb der Hauptstadt, durch die sich ein ausgeglichenes nationales Wachstum erzielen lasst. Umsiedelung des offentlichen Sektors Input-Output-Modell Okonomisch-demografisches Modell Jun M.-J. (2007) Reubicacion del sector publico en Corea: ¿Es una opcion viable para un desarrollo nacional equilibrado?, Regional Studies 41, 65-74. Construimos un modelo empirico que combina modelos economicos, demograficos y migratorios con el fin de analizar la eficacia de los planes de reubicacion en el sector publico para un desarrollo nacional equilibrado. Comprobamos cinco casos diferentes de reubicacion. Los principales resultados son: Primero, la reubicacion de unos 40.000 puestos de trabajo del sector publico de la Region Metropolitana de Seul (RMS) a regiones no RMS (Casos 2-5) no es suficiente para revertir la tendencia de concentracion de la poblacion de la RMS para 2030. Segundo, la reubicacion de las funciones del Gobierno central (9.992 empleados) a la region de Chungnam no influye casi nada a la hora de mitigar la concentracion de poblacion de la RMS y en alcanzar un desarrollo nacional equilibrado. Tercero, el plan de reubicacion propuesto por el Gobierno de Corea, que es el Caso 2, mitiga la concentracion de poblacion al disminuir la poblacion de la RMS en un 5,4%, pero muchas regiones no capitales pierden poblacion debido a que el numero de empleados del sector publico asignados a las regiones que no son la RMS no basta para atraer a la poblacion a estas regiones. Cuarto y mas importante, la reubicacion de empresas privadas con vinculos altamente interindustriales es la mejor opcion politica para aumentar la poblacion en las regiones no capitales y por lo tanto alcanzar un crecimiento nacional equilibrado en vez de trasladar los sectores publicos. Reubicacion del sector publico Modelo Input-Output Modelo economico-demografico

Suggested Citation

  • Myung-Jin Jun, 2007. "Korea's Public Sector Relocation: Is It a Viable Option for Balanced National Development?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(1), pages 65-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:41:y:2007:i:1:p:65-74
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400601099664
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    1. SeHoon Lee & Jeong Hee Hong & Jang Won Bae & Il-Chul Moon, 2015. "Impact of Population Relocation to City Commerce: Micro-Level Estimation with Validated Agent-Based Model," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 18(2), pages 1-5.

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