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High resolution conflict forecasting with spatial convolutions and long short-term memory

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  • Benjamin J. Radford

Abstract

The 2020 Violence Early Warning System (ViEWS) Prediction Competition challenged participants to produce predictive models of violent political conflict at high spatial and temporal resolutions. This paper presents a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) recurrent neural network capable of forecasting the log change in battle-related deaths resulting from state-based armed conflict at the PRIO-GRID cell-month level. The ConvLSTM outperforms the benchmark model provided by the ViEWS team and performs comparably to the best models submitted to the competition. In addition to providing a technical description of the ConvLSTM, I evaluate the model’s out-of-sample performance and interrogate a selection of interesting model forecasts. I find that the model relies heavily on lagged levels of battle-related fatalities to forecast future decreases in violence. The model struggles to forecast escalations in violence and tends to underpredict the magnitude of escalation while overpredicting the spatial spread of escalation.El concurso de predicciones del sistema de alerta temprana sobre la violencia (Violence Early Warning System, ViEWS) de 2020 desafió a los participantes a producir modelos predictivos de conflictos políticos violentos a altas resoluciones espaciales y temporales. Este documento presenta una red neuronal recurrente de memoria convolucional a corto y largo plazo (convolutional long short-term memory, ConvLSTM) capaz de predecir el cambio de registro en las muertes relacionadas con las batallas como resultado de los conflictos armados de estado a nivel de mes de celda de PRIO-GRID. La ConvLSTM supera el modelo de referencia proporcionado por el equipo de ViEWS y funciona de manera similar a los mejores modelos presentados en el concurso. Además de proporcionar una descripción técnica de la ConvLSTM, analizo el rendimiento del modelo fuera de la muestra y cuestiono una serie de interesantes previsiones del modelo. Considero que el modelo se basa, principalmente, en niveles rezagados de víctimas mortales a causa de las batallas para predecir las futuras disminuciones de la violencia. El modelo se esfuerza por predecir las escaladas de la violencia y tiende a predecir con poca frecuencia la magnitud de la escalada, pero con más frecuencia la propagación espacial de esta.Le concours 2020 du système d’alerte précoce sur la violence (Violence Early Warning System, ViEWS) a mis les participants au défi de produire des modèles prédictifs des conflits politiques violents à hautes résolutions temporelles et spatiales. Cet article présente un réseau de neurones récurrents à mémoire convolutive à long terme à court terme (ConvLSTM) capable de prévoir l’évolution logarithmique des décès liés aux combats résultant de conflits armés étatiques au niveau Cellule par mois de la grille PRIO. La ConvLSTM surpasse le modèle de référence fourni par l’équipe ViEWS et offre des performances comparables à celles des meilleurs modèles soumis pour le concours. En plus de fournir une description technique de la ConvLSTM, j’évalue les performances hors échantillon du modèle et j’interroge une sélection de prévisions intéressantes du modèle. J’ai constaté que le modèle dépendait fortement des niveaux décalés des décès liés aux combats pour prévoir les futures diminutions de la violence. Le modèle peine à prévoir les escalades de la violence et tend à sous-estimer la magnitude de l’escalade tout en surestimant sa propagation spatiale.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin J. Radford, 2022. "High resolution conflict forecasting with spatial convolutions and long short-term memory," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(4), pages 739-758, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:48:y:2022:i:4:p:739-758
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2031182
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    Cited by:

    1. Racek, Daniel & Thurner, Paul & Kauermann, Goeran, 2024. "Integrating Spatio-temporal Diffusion into Statistical Forecasting Models of Armed Conflict via Non-parametric Smoothing," OSF Preprints q59dr, Center for Open Science.

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