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Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis: evidence from the ASEAN-5 countries with structural breaks

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  • Khalid M. Kisswani
  • Arezou Harraf
  • Amjad M. Kisswani

Abstract

This paper tests if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis exists for ASEAN-5 countries in an annual sample data that covers 1971–2013, by utilizing Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The empirical findings give support for the EKC hypothesis for Thailand only, after considering the structural breaks. Furthermore, the paper tests the EKC hypothesis for a panel data of the ASEAN-5 by adopting the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) methodology. The results show that the long-run estimates provide no evidence for the EKC hypothesis. Finally, the paper examines the causality between the CO2 emissions and GDP. For individual countries, bidirectional causality was found in the case of Thailand and Malaysia, plus unidirectional causality running from GDP and squared GDP to CO2 emissions was found for Indonesia, but a unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions to GDP and squared GDP was found for the Philippines, however, no causality effect was found for Singapore. Furthermore, the pairwise Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Causality test show a bidirectional effect between CO2 emissions and both GDP in addition to squared GDP.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid M. Kisswani & Arezou Harraf & Amjad M. Kisswani, 2019. "Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis: evidence from the ASEAN-5 countries with structural breaks," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(17), pages 1855-1868, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:51:y:2019:i:17:p:1855-1868
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2018.1529399
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    Cited by:

    1. Shujahat Haider Hashmi & Fan Hongzhong & Zeeshan Fareed & Roksana Bannya, 2020. "Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO 2 Emissions in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-29, January.
    2. Arifur Rahman & S. M. Woahid Murad & Fayyaz Ahmad & Xiaowen Wang, 2020. "Evaluating the EKC Hypothesis for the BCIM-EC Member Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Ansari, Mohd Arshad, 2022. "Re-visiting the Environmental Kuznets curve for ASEAN: A comparison between ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    4. Bartosz Jóźwik & Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv & Phouphet Kyophilavong & Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki, 2021. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Gruszecki Lech & Jozwik Bartosz & Kyophilavong Phouphet, 2020. "International Relations in the Environmental Kuznets Curve - Theoretical Considerations," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 964-982.
    6. Bartosz Jóźwik & Phouphet Kyophilavong & Aruna Kumar Dash & Antonina Viktoria Gavryshkiv, 2022. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in South Asian Countries: The Role of Energy Consumption and Trade Openness," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.

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