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The Influence of Green Roofs on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study from Estonia

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  • Alar Teemusk
  • Ülo Mander

Abstract

This paper describes the runoff water quality of Light Weight Aggregates (LWA)-based extensive green roofs and sod roofs in Estonia. Samples were taken from August 2004 to April 2009 from 10 different green roofs to determine what level of water quality may be found. The results presented here show that green roofs influenced water quality to a considerable degree. The runoff water of LWA-based green roofs generally had higher values of pH, BOD 7 , TP and PO 4 -P than that from sod roofs. However, COD, TN, SO 4 and Ca-Mg salt were higher in the sod roofs than in the green roofs. The results for NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N were similar for both roof types. According to the results, the character of the runoff and the contents in the substrate layer at the moment the samples were taken affected runoff quality more than the age and location of the green roof. The use of NPK-nutrients in the substrate or in the soil caused much higher values of COD and concentrations of TP, PO 4 -P, TN, NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N in runoff water than on non-fertilized green roofs. The results of samples taken from the Tartu LWA-based green roof each spring in the period 2005–2009, at a time when the snow had almost melted, showed that concentrations of compounds in runoff water generally decreased gradually. The pH value and Ca-Mg salt concentration were, however, stable, and this was caused by the LWA material. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Alar Teemusk & Ülo Mander, 2011. "The Influence of Green Roofs on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study from Estonia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(14), pages 3699-3713, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:25:y:2011:i:14:p:3699-3713
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9877-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Melina Kotti & Athanasios Vlessidis & Nicholaos Thanasoulias & Nicholaos Evmiridis, 2005. "Assessment of River Water Quality in Northwestern Greece," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(1), pages 77-94, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Deepak Singh Bisht & Chandranath Chatterjee & Shivani Kalakoti & Pawan Upadhyay & Manaswinee Sahoo & Ambarnil Panda, 2016. "Modeling urban floods and drainage using SWMM and MIKE URBAN: a case study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(2), pages 749-776, November.
    2. Musa Akther & Jianxun He & Angus Chu & Jian Huang & Bert Van Duin, 2018. "A Review of Green Roof Applications for Managing Urban Stormwater in Different Climatic Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-28, August.
    3. Wei Zhang & Yan Zhu & Xuejun Wang, 2014. "A Modeling Method to Evaluate the Management Strategy of Urban Storm Runoff," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(2), pages 541-552, January.
    4. Yiping Guo & Shouhong Zhang & Shuguang Liu, 2014. "Runoff Reduction Capabilities and Irrigation Requirements of Green Roofs," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1363-1378, March.
    5. Agnieszka Karczmarczyk & Anna Baryła & Paweł Kożuchowski, 2017. "Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    6. I. Gnecco & A. Palla & L.G. Lanza & P. Barbera, 2013. "The Role of Green Roofs as a Source/sink of Pollutants in Storm Water Outflows," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(14), pages 4715-4730, November.

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