IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/testjl/v32y2023i3d10.1007_s11749-023-00858-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Level sets of depth measures in abstract spaces

Author

Listed:
  • A. Cholaquidis

    (Universidad de la República)

  • R. Fraiman

    (Universidad de la República)

  • L. Moreno

    (Universidad de la República)

Abstract

The lens depth of a point has been recently extended to general metric spaces, which is not the case for most depths. It is defined as the probability of being included in the intersection of two random balls centred at two random points X and Y, with the same radius d(X, Y). We prove that, on a separable and complete metric space, the level sets of the empirical lens depth based on an iid sample, converge in the Painlevé–Kuratowski sense, to its population counterpart. We also prove that, restricted to compact sets, the empirical level sets and their boundaries are consistent estimators, in Hausdorff distance, of their population counterparts, and analyse two real-life examples.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Cholaquidis & R. Fraiman & L. Moreno, 2023. "Level sets of depth measures in abstract spaces," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 32(3), pages 942-957, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:testjl:v:32:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11749-023-00858-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11749-023-00858-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11749-023-00858-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11749-023-00858-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. D. Barden & H. Le & M. Owen, 2018. "Limiting behaviour of Fréchet means in the space of phylogenetic trees," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 70(1), pages 99-129, February.
    2. Zhenyu Liu & Reza Modarres, 2011. "Lens data depth and median," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(4), pages 1063-1074.
    3. Gerda Claeskens & Mia Hubert & Leen Slaets & Kaveh Vakili, 2014. "Multivariate Functional Halfspace Depth," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(505), pages 411-423, March.
    4. Ruts, Ida & Rousseeuw, Peter J., 1996. "Computing depth contours of bivariate point clouds," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 153-168, November.
    5. López-Pintado, Sara & Romo, Juan, 2009. "On the Concept of Depth for Functional Data," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(486), pages 718-734.
    6. Cuevas, Antonio & Fraiman, Ricardo, 2009. "On depth measures and dual statistics. A methodology for dealing with general data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(4), pages 753-766, April.
    7. Agostinelli, Claudio, 2018. "Local half-region depth for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 67-79.
    8. Dai, Wenlin & Genton, Marc G., 2019. "Directional outlyingness for multivariate functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 50-65.
    9. Fraiman, Ricardo & Gamboa, Fabrice & Moreno, Leonardo, 2019. "Connecting pairwise geodesic spheres by depth: DCOPS," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 81-94.
    10. Oja, Hannu, 1983. "Descriptive statistics for multivariate distributions," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(6), pages 327-332, October.
    11. Ilya S. Molchanov, 1998. "A Limit Theorem for Solutions of Inequalities," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 25(1), pages 235-242, March.
    12. Robert Serfling, 2002. "Quantile functions for multivariate analysis: approaches and applications," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 56(2), pages 214-232, May.
    13. Amy Willis, 2019. "Confidence Sets for Phylogenetic Trees," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(525), pages 235-244, January.
    14. Ricardo Fraiman & Graciela Muniz, 2001. "Trimmed means for functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 10(2), pages 419-440, December.
    15. Karl Mosler & Pavlo Mozharovskyi, 2017. "Fast DD-classification of functional data," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1055-1089, December.
    16. Mia Hubert & Peter Rousseeuw & Pieter Segaert, 2017. "Multivariate and functional classification using depth and distance," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 11(3), pages 445-466, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mia Hubert & Peter Rousseeuw & Pieter Segaert, 2015. "Multivariate functional outlier detection," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 24(2), pages 177-202, July.
    2. Zhuo Qu & Wenlin Dai & Marc G. Genton, 2021. "Robust functional multivariate analysis of variance with environmental applications," Environmetrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(1), February.
    3. Nagy, Stanislav & Ferraty, Frédéric, 2019. "Data depth for measurable noisy random functions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 95-114.
    4. Dai, Wenlin & Mrkvička, Tomáš & Sun, Ying & Genton, Marc G., 2020. "Functional outlier detection and taxonomy by sequential transformations," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    5. Dai, Wenlin & Genton, Marc G., 2019. "Directional outlyingness for multivariate functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 50-65.
    6. Fraiman, Ricardo & Pateiro-López, Beatriz, 2012. "Quantiles for finite and infinite dimensional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-14.
    7. Xurxo Rigueira & María Araújo & Javier Martínez & Paulino José García-Nieto & Iago Ocarranza, 2022. "Functional Data Analysis for the Detection of Outliers and Study of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Quality: A Case Study in Gijón, Spain," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(14), pages 1-27, July.
    8. Oluwasegun Taiwo Ojo & Antonio Fernández Anta & Rosa E. Lillo & Carlo Sguera, 2022. "Detecting and classifying outliers in big functional data," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 16(3), pages 725-760, September.
    9. Elías, Antonio & Jiménez, Raúl & Shang, Han Lin, 2022. "On projection methods for functional time series forecasting," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    10. Gijbels, Irène & Nagy, Stanislav, 2015. "Consistency of non-integrated depths for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 259-282.
    11. Carlo Sguera & Pedro Galeano & Rosa Lillo, 2014. "Spatial depth-based classification for functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 23(4), pages 725-750, December.
    12. Nieto-Reyes, Alicia & Battey, Heather, 2021. "A topologically valid construction of depth for functional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    13. Fraiman, Ricardo & Gamboa, Fabrice & Moreno, Leonardo, 2019. "Connecting pairwise geodesic spheres by depth: DCOPS," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 81-94.
    14. Cristian F. Jiménez‐Varón & Fouzi Harrou & Ying Sun, 2024. "Pointwise data depth for univariate and multivariate functional outlier detection," Environmetrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(5), August.
    15. López-Pintado, Sara & Romo, Juan, 2011. "A half-region depth for functional data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 1679-1695, April.
    16. Serfling, Robert & Wijesuriya, Uditha, 2017. "Depth-based nonparametric description of functional data, with emphasis on use of spatial depth," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 24-45.
    17. Antonio Elías & Raúl Jiménez & Han Lin Shang, 2023. "Depth-based reconstruction method for incomplete functional data," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 1507-1535, September.
    18. Carlo Sguera & Sara López-Pintado, 2021. "A notion of depth for sparse functional data," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 30(3), pages 630-649, September.
    19. Antonio Elías & Raúl Jiménez & J. E. Yukich, 2023. "Localization processes for functional data analysis," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 17(2), pages 485-517, June.
    20. Olusola Samuel Makinde, 2019. "Classification rules based on distribution functions of functional depth," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 629-640, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:testjl:v:32:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11749-023-00858-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.