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Tsunami hazard assessment of Indian coast

Author

Listed:
  • A. D. Roshan

    (IIT Bombay
    Atomic Energy Regulatory Board)

  • Prabir C. Basu

    (AERB)

  • R. S. Jangid

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Abstract

The tsunami caused by the magnitude 9.1 Andaman–Sumatra earthquake in 2004 brought into limelight the vulnerability of Indian coast against the flooding hazard due to this natural phenomenon. The paper brings out the work carried out in relation to assessment of tsunami hazard along the Indian coast following a deterministic approach based on the method suggested by Japan Society of Civil Engineers. The tsunamigenic source zones around Indian coast are identified, and maximum tsunamigenic earthquake magnitude from each source zone, viz. Burma–Andaman–Sumatra, Makran and zone of diffused seismicity, is estimated. Several scenario earthquakes are postulated from each zone accounting for uncertainties in fault strike and dip. Tsunami hazard from these zones to Indian coast is estimated based on validated numerical tools at a grid spacing of 300 m, and hazard is presented in the form of maps. Important phenomena such as wave amplification in shallow waters and wave runup are captured in the analysis. The water levels are represented in terms of mean estimates and associated standard deviations in estimates reflecting uncertainty in evaluated levels. The assessment indicates higher vulnerability of the east coast and the southwestern coast of India as well as existence of several tsunami hot spots (regions with unusually high wave amplitude) along the Indian coast. In addition to increased understanding of tsunami vulnerability of Indian coast, the tsunami hazard maps presented in the paper will be useful during planning and engineering of coastal structures and infrastructure in selection of their safe grade elevations. The work presented here can be further enhanced by addressing uncertainties in maximum earthquake magnitudes, related rupture parameters and with better shallow water and coastal topography data.

Suggested Citation

  • A. D. Roshan & Prabir C. Basu & R. S. Jangid, 2016. "Tsunami hazard assessment of Indian coast," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(2), pages 733-762, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:82:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-016-2216-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2216-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. Neetu & I. Suresh & R. Shankar & B. Nagarajan & R. Sharma & S. Shenoi & A. Unnikrishnan & D. Sundar, 2011. "Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(3), pages 1609-1618, December.
    2. David Burbidge & Phil Cummins, 2007. "Assessing the threat to Western Australia from tsunami generated by earthquakes along the Sunda Arc," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 43(3), pages 319-331, December.
    3. G. Gopinath & F. Løvholt & G. Kaiser & C. Harbitz & K. Srinivasa Raju & M. Ramalingam & Bhoop Singh, 2014. "Impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami along the Tamil Nadu coastline: field survey review and numerical simulations," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 72(2), pages 743-769, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. J. Dhanya & S. T. G. Raghukanth, 2020. "Implication of source models on tsunami wave simulations for 2004 (Mw 9.2) Sumatra earthquake," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 279-304, October.
    2. Swathi Priyadarsini Putti & Neelima Satyam Devarakonda & Ikuo Towhata, 2019. "Estimation of ground response and local site effects for Vishakhapatnam, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 97(2), pages 555-578, June.

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